Section 9 Quiz Review

#1 What is the definition of: Biotic? The living factors in an ecosystem.

#2 What is the definition of: Abiotic? The non-living factors in an ecosystem.

#3 What is the definition of: Niche? The ecological role an organism has.

#4 What is the definition of: Succession? Change that occurs in a community over time.

#5 What is the definition of: Symbiosis? Interaction between two organisms.

#6 Give 5 examples of abiotic factors found in the biosphere. Climate, weather, dirt, rocks, air, water, wind, fire, sand, soil, etc.

#7 Give 5 examples of biotic factors found in the biosphere. Any animal and any plant is an acceptable answer

Commensalism: one organism benefits, the other is unharmed #8 What is commensalism? Is it a positive or negative relationship? Why? Commensalism: one organism benefits, the other is unharmed It is a positive relationship Because no one gets hurt

#9 Give an example of commensalism #9 Give an example of commensalism. Explain who benefits and who does not in the relationship. Example: a barnacle and a whale Explanation: the barnacle gets a home and the whale is not bothered or harmed

#10 What is mutualism? Is it a positive or negative relationship? Why? Mutualism: both organisms benefit It is a positive relationship Because no one gets hurt

#11 Give an example of mutualism #11 Give an example of mutualism. Explain who benefits and who does not in the relationship. Example: an alligator and a bird Explanation: the alligator gets its teeth cleaned and the bird gets food by cleaning the alligators teeth

It is a negative relationship Because an organism gets hurt #12 What is parasitism? Is it a positive or negative relationship? Why? Parasitism: one organism receives nutrients from the body of its host, the host organism is harmed It is a negative relationship Because an organism gets hurt

#13 Give an example of parasitism #13 Give an example of parasitism. Explain who benefits and who does not in the relationship. Example: A tapeworm and a human host Explanation: the tapeworm takes in all the nutrients from food that the human eats, the human suffers from malnutrition

#14 How does competition effect a niche? Competition Exclusion Principle: no two species can occupy the same habitat and niche at the same time ****This can lead to migration, decreased population, endangered species, or even extinction*****

#15 What is the difference between climate and weather? Climate: yearly temperatures and precipitation Weather: daily temperatures and precipitation

#16 Give an example of weather. Today is going to be a high of 77 degrees and a low of 54 degrees with no chance of rain.

#17 Give an example of climate. Buenos Aires is always hot and humid.

#18 What is the difference between primary and secondary succession? Primary Succession happens on “new land” and introduces biotic factors to an area for the first time. Secondary Succession happens on “old land” and restores the biotic factors to an area after mass destruction.

#19 When do pioneer communities appear in succession? They appear at the beginning of any type of succession. They are typically the first introduced species to an environment.

#20 When do climax communities appear in succession? They appear at the end of any type of succession. They exist when the environment has been stable for a long time and all the populations have had enough time to develop to their highest potentials.

#21 Describe what pioneer communities look like. An environment that is limited in biotic factors such as weeds, lichens, and moss.

#22 Describe what climax communities look like. An environment that is full of tall trees and stable population of all types of living things that live in the surrounding area.

#23 What are the 4 factors that can increase or decrease a population size? Explain each factor. Birth (+): more people being born increases the population Immigration(+): more people moving into an area increases the population in that area Death(-): people dying decreases the population Emigration(-): people moving out of an area decreases the population of that area

#24 How do age groups affect a population? Younger populations are more likely to reproduce and increase the population. Older populations are less likely to reproduce and so the population could potentially decrease.

#25 How is population density calculated? # of individuals in the population ________________________________________ The geographic distribution

#26 What is geographic distribution? It is how big the space is in a certain area. It is calculated using km2 or cm3.

#27 Describe the shape of a logistical population graph. S-shape curve

#28 Describe the shape of a exponential population graph. J-shape curve

#29 What type of graph has a carrying capacity? Logistical population graphs

#30 What type of graph reflects the effect of unlimited resources? Exponential population graphs