Foundations of Totalitarianism

Totalitarianism Form of government that theoretically permits no individual freedom and seeks to subordinate all aspects of an individual's life to the authority of the government. Mussolini coined the term “totalitario” "All within the state, none outside the state, none against the state."

I I I I I Fascist Model The State Power lies here State casts aside those who do not serve it’s purpose. The State State= eternal, everlasting I I I I I Individual exists to serve the state (tool). Individual= temporary, expendable

I I I I I Democratic Model The State State serves the individual and may be replaced if it violates personal right to life, liberty, property

Russia Tremendous human losses, land devastated. To exit war early, Russia gave land to Germany. Did not participate in peace process, land given to Germany mostly granted independence.

Italy Gained very little land in proportion to losses- only gained a small portion of Austria-Hungary. Italy had switched sides because it thought it could gain more from fighting with the Allies

Germany War guilt clause Demilitarization Severe reparations

Sacrifice of Citizens The “Total War” ideology behind WWI led to the idea that individuals must make sacrifices and strict government control is necessary for victory.

Conditions in the 1920’s and 30’s Countries had no tradition or self government before WWI- the new self government was forced upon nations not ready for it. 1930’s saw a world wide depression, making struggling democracies face more problems.

Characteristics of a Totalitarian Regime Support is not instant- gradually increase the use of modern communication and transportation. A “permanent revolution” is occurring- nation is always pursuing a special goal.

Characteristics of a Totalitarian Regime Previous political institutions are replaced – all legal, social, and political traditions are replaced. Directed violence, controlled by the government, becomes a valuable tool (special police force).

Characteristics of a Totalitarian Regime Leaders are charismatic and unpredictable, never allow people to feel completely safe. New media technology allows for the spread of porpaganda.

Characteristics People in need

Characteristics Nationalistic Tendencies

Characteristics Control of Media

Characteristics Militarism

Characteristics Exalting the Youth

Characteristics Charismatic Leaders