Muslim Empires in 1683 Ottoman, Safavid, & Mughal

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Presentation transcript:

Muslim Empires in 1683 Ottoman, Safavid, & Mughal

Muslim Empires were characterized by… New military technology (gunpowder & cannons) Strong armies Cultural diffusion Improvements to bureaucratic government

Mehmed the Conqueror Ottomans 1300 - Byzantine Empire in decline Islamic warriors raided Byzantine Territory Most famous – Othman; his followers known as Ottomans. In 1453, Mehmed II (Mehmed the Conqueror) captured Constantinople after a seven-week long battle.

Ottoman Empire

Ottoman Empire: Suleyman the Magnificent Ruled for 46 years Great military leader Created new law code (known as “the Lawgiver”) & reduced taxes (improved citizens’ lives) 20,000 personal slaves staffed his bureaucracy Religious freedom Flourishing of art, literature, & architecture

Suleyman the Magnificent Devshirme System (Army) Male children of conquered Christian territories were educated, trained, & converted to Islam so they could later fight in Suleyman’s army Great opportunity for many young boys Many Christians bribed Muslim officials to accept their children into the Devshirme system

Mosque of Suleyman

Safavid Empire

Safavid Empire: Abbas the Great Also known as Shah Abbas (king) Limited power of the military Reformed government by punishing corruption & only promoting officials who were worthy Expanded trade w/ Europe Built capital city of Esfahan, considered to be one of the most beautiful Expansion of art (sent artists to Europe to study under artist Raphael; carpet weaving became a national industry)

Safavid Art & Architecture

Mughal Empire

Mughal Empire: Babur Inherited the kingdom at the age 11 It was taken away from him by his more powerful elders He raised a powerful army & regained control of the Empire

Mughal Empire: Akbar Grandson of Babur Akbar means “Great” Took the throne at age 13 Supported aggressive military power Flourishing of art, literature, & architecture Supported cultural diffusion

Mughal Empire: Akbar Cultural diffusion: Islamic tradition of religious freedom Married Hindu princesses & allowed them to practice Hindu rituals in his palace Appointed a Christian monk to tutor his son Foreigners could rise to a high office in gov’t Soldiers of different languages developed a new language, Urdu, meaning “from the soldier camp”

Islamic Empires Decline Incompetent leadership leads to the decline of both the Ottoman and Safavid Empires