Copy Bold Mind Stretcher 10/3/16 1. ELK must fight over grass. This is an example of: Competition between species Competition within a population 2. Why is nitrogen important to organisms? It transports food It cools the body It changes substances to simpler molecules It builds new cells

Earth’s Biomes Chapter 20

https://youtu.be/hIy0ZlyPPDg Introduction to Biomes https://youtu.be/hIy0ZlyPPDg

THE BOTTOM LINE: Biomes are dependent on two very important environmental factors: Average Temperature Average Rainfall Biomes are named after the dominant type of vegetation (plants) associated with large land areas. The three major land biomes are: (1) Deserts, (2) Grasslands, (3) Forests

Celsius Scale 30’s Warm 20’s Nice 10’s Cold 0’s Ice

BIOME Organizer Heavy Rainfall Average Rainfall Light Cold/Polar Temperatures Average/ “Temperate” Temperatures Hot/Tropical Temperatures Heavy Rainfall Average Rainfall Light

Taiga Deciduous Prairie Savanna Tundra BIOME Organizer Cold/Polar Temperatures Average/ Temperate Temperatures Hot/Tropical Temperatures Heavy Rainfall Average Rainfall Light Taiga Coniferous Forests Deciduous Temperate Forests Tropical Rain Forests Prairie Temperate Grasslands Savanna Tropical Grasslands Tundra Polar Grasslands Cool Deserts Temperate Deserts Tropical Deserts

Biome Map Using the World Map in the back of your agenda, label the following latitudes: 0 (equator) Tropic of Cancer (23.5 degrees N) Tropic of Capricorn (23.5 degrees S)

Color each biome according to the number/color listed below: Biome Map Color each biome according to the number/color listed below: 1- Tundra (BLUE) 2- Taiga (Dark GREEN) 3- Grassland (ORANGE) 4- Desert (YELLOW) 5- Tropical Rain Forest (RED) 6- Deciduous Forest (Light GREEN)

Forests have these qualities: A wide variety of plants, dominated by trees. Provides a variety of habitats for a variety animals.

Layers of a forest: DRAW THIS!! EMERGENT CANOPY UNDERSTORY FOREST FLOOR DRAW THIS!!

Types of forests: Tropical Rain Forest: constant hot temp., high humidity, daily afternoon rains, poor soil, hardwood trees, most animals live in the canopy, most biologically diverse; near equator Animals- monkeys, birds of paradise, sloth, tons of insects, snakes, gorillas

**WE LIVE HERE!!!** Types of forests: Temperate Deciduous: moderate/average temperatures which change a lot during 4 seasons, abundant precipitation, deciduous trees lose their leaves each fall, soils are rich in nutrients Animals- deer, porcupine, hawks, raccoons, frogs, turtles, owls, red foxes **WE LIVE HERE!!!**

Types of forests: Taiga/Coniferous: winters are long & dry, lots of snowfall & short days, temps. range from cool to extremely cold, dominated by conifers/evergreen trees (“cone-bearing”) Animals- moose, caribou, grey wolves, lynx, grizzly bear, reindeer

Grasslands have these qualities: Precipitation is high enough to allow grass to grow. Droughts and fires prevent permanent forests. Home to large herbivores and many burrowing animals

Types of Grasslands Savanna (Tropical Grassland): high avg. temps. with a prolonged dry season of 4-6 months. Rest of the year is a wet season. Scattered clumps of trees. Animals- zebra, lion, leopard, giraffe, elephant, rhino, warthogs, etc. (Think LION KING)

Types of Grasslands Prairie (Temperate Grasslands): Strong, continuous winds & rapid evaporation; Has grass but few trees due to fires/grazing/drought Animals- bison, coyote, prairie dogs, pocket gophers

Types of Grasslands Tundra (Polar Grasslands): Most of the year the climate is extremely cold with high winds & snow cover. Winters are long and low precipitation (mostly snow); Alpine tundra= top of mountains Permafrost = (frozen soil) Animals- mosquitoes, birds, musk oxen, arctic wolves, caribou Plants- shallow rooted plants, grasses, shrubs, mosses, lichens

Animal Adaptations…BRRR! DEMONSTRATION with ICE WATER

Animal Adaptations…BRRR! How this lab shows how animals stay warm even in cold climates: The shortening (vegetable fat) acts just like the layer of fat that is hidden under the skin of animals such as walruses, whales, and penguins who live in cold climates. The fat is an insulator meaning it does not allow heat or cold to move in or out of an object quickly. The fat holds the body heat in so the animal is able to stay warm. Based on the activity Penguin Undercoat from VanCleave (2000).

Mind Stretcher 10/4/16 Answer only 1. Which of the following is NOT a way that nitrogen cycles through the environment? Decomposition releases nitrogen into the soil. Plant roots take up nitrogen from the soil. Bacteria in the soil convert nitrogen back to a gas. Nitrogen is stored in fossil fuels. 2. Why is the carbon cycle important to living things? It transports a material needed by all living things. It converts nitrogen to a usable form. It converts carbon from a liquid to a gas. It transports wastes in organisms.

Deserts have these qualities: Precipitation is low and limited Evaporation exceeds precipitation (Rain dries out very fast) Light vegetation & clear skies Most animals are small and nocturnal (come out at night) Hot days – Cool nights!!

How do animals see in the dark? (TedEd) https://youtu.be/t3CjTU7TaNA

Types of Deserts Tropical Desert - hot all year, few plants, wind-blown surfaces EX: Sahara Animals- scorpion, thorny devil, camels, etc.

Types of Deserts Temperate Deserts - Daytime temp. hot in summer & cool in winter EX: The Mojave Desert

Types of Deserts Cool Desert – Warm summers & cold, cold winters EX: The Gobi Desert Animals- wolves, snow leopard, gazelles, golden eagles, camels, jerboa Brrr…It’s cold here

Desert Food Web

https://youtu.be/5eTCZ9L834s

Password: Biomes Coniferous Deciduous Forest Rainforest Mountain Freshwater Marine Grassland Tundra Taiga Desert

Password Round 2 Ocean Permafrost Salt Marsh Biome Mangrove Swamp Dry Season Algae Brackish Swamp