Introduction to Ecology

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Presentation transcript:

Introduction to Ecology

What is Ecology? Ecology- Word ecology comes from Study of the interactions among living things and between living things and their surroundings Ecology- Word ecology comes from Greek word oikos which means “house”

Ecologists study environments at different levels of organization

Can be broken into biomes which are Biosphere: Can be broken into biomes which are Ecosystem: The part of the earth and its atmosphere in which living organisms exist or that is capable of supporting life. Major regional or global biotic community, such as a grassland or desert, characterized mainly by the dominant forms of plant life and the prevailing climate. Includes all of the organisms as well as the climate, soil, water, rocks, and other non-living things in a given area.

Community: Population: Organism: Group of different species that live together in one area Group of the same species that lives in one area Individual living thing

Examples Tropical Rainforest Biome Organisms within a tree Ecosystem Toucan, bat, sloth, langur Community 3 Toucans Population 1 Toucan Organism Examples

Ecological research methods include observation, experimentation, and modeling Act of carefully watching something over time Examples Animal- Mark-recapture Plants- Quadrant sampling

Experimentation Modeling Scientists can perform experiments in the lab or field (where the organism lives) Example: to find out how climate change affects the growth rate of plants, scientists can grow plants in a lab and adjust temperature settings Use computer and mathematical models when observation and experimentation are not possible Example: computer program to determine extinction rate of bears at Yellowstone

Activity Estimate the population of plants using the following equation T=NA T= total population estimate N=total number of individuals counted in selected quadrants/ number of quadrants selected A= total area/ area of quadrant

Shaded area represents a randomly selected quadrant. The area of each quadrant is 1 m2 and the total area of the sampling plot is 200 m2. T= (6/5) x (200m2/1m2) T= 1.20 x 200= 240 240= estimated population of plants in the field

For Review Construct your own ecological organization pyramid using markers, colored pencils, crayons, etc. Use a ruler and be neat! Do not use the examples discussed in class.