Comprehensive Detection of Genomic Duplications and Deletions in the DMD Gene, by Use of Multiplex Amplifiable Probe Hybridization  Stefan White, Margot.

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Comprehensive Detection of Genomic Duplications and Deletions in the DMD Gene, by Use of Multiplex Amplifiable Probe Hybridization  Stefan White, Margot Kalf, Qiang Liu, Michel Villerius, Dieuwke Engelsma, Marjolein Kriek, Ellen Vollebregt, Bert Bakker, Gert-Jan B. van Ommen, Martijn H. Breuning, Johan T. den Dunnen  The American Journal of Human Genetics  Volume 71, Issue 2, Pages 365-374 (August 2002) DOI: 10.1086/341942 Copyright © 2002 The American Society of Human Genetics Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Outline of the MAPH technique. Probes are prepared such that all can be amplified with one primer pair. After overnight hybridization to immobilized genomic DNA, unbound probes are removed by stringent washing. Bound probes are then released and amplified in a quantitative manner. By fluorescent labeling and capillary electrophoresis, it is possible to both discriminate and quantify each probe. Changes in peak heights correspond to copy-number changes (i.e., deletions and duplications). The American Journal of Human Genetics 2002 71, 365-374DOI: (10.1086/341942) Copyright © 2002 The American Society of Human Genetics Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Example of trace patterns obtained from an unaffected male individual. The numbers refer to DMD exon numbers: “1.x” and “2.x” (where x is the exon number) refer to BRCA1 and BRCA2, respectively, and “NF2” denotes a probe homologous to the first exon of the NF2 gene. Asterisks (*) indicate control peaks, and unlabeled peaks indicate noise. Probes range in size from 151 bp (DMD exon 34) to 602 bp (DMD exon 2). The American Journal of Human Genetics 2002 71, 365-374DOI: (10.1086/341942) Copyright © 2002 The American Society of Human Genetics Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Patterns obtained from analysis of patients by use of probe set A. A, Male patient's duplicated exon 2, male patient's duplicated exons 14–21, and male control individual. B, Female carrier's duplicated exons 52–54 and female control individual. The American Journal of Human Genetics 2002 71, 365-374DOI: (10.1086/341942) Copyright © 2002 The American Society of Human Genetics Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 Analysis of different patient samples. A, Male patient L1's duplicated exons 8–13, with SD 0.05. B, Female carrier D36's deleted exons 10–46, with SD 0.05 C, Female carrier D70's duplicated exons 3–7, with SD 0.06. The American Journal of Human Genetics 2002 71, 365-374DOI: (10.1086/341942) Copyright © 2002 The American Society of Human Genetics Terms and Conditions

Figure 5 Independent mutations detected during the present study. Vertical bars represent the 18 exons tested using the Chamberlain et al. (1988) and Beggs et al. (1990) kits. A, Mutations detected in samples in which point mutations and deletions had been excluded, mainly by multiplex PCR. B, All other mutations detected. The American Journal of Human Genetics 2002 71, 365-374DOI: (10.1086/341942) Copyright © 2002 The American Society of Human Genetics Terms and Conditions