Unit 4: A New Nation - Washington’s Presidency

Bell Ringer: What are the political parties today? https://youtu.be/r161cLYzuDI?list=PL8dPuua LjXtMwmepBjTSG593eG7ObzO7s - Stop at mystery document (9:20)

Washington’s Presidency 1789! George Washington was unanimously elected 1st President of the United States by the electoral college John Adams is VP

Washington’s Presidency Judiciary Act of 1789 established a judiciary (a system of courts) 13 federal district courts, 3 circuit courts, and a six-member Supreme Court est. Attorney General office to prosecute and defend on behalf of federal gov’t John Jay 1st Chief Justice U.S. Supreme Court

Washington’s Presidency Washington’s Cabinet established a precedent (act or statement that becomes an example or tradition to be followed) advises the president Secretary of State: Thomas Jefferson** Secretary of the Treasury: Alexander Hamilton** Secretary of War: Henry Knox Attorney General: Edmund Randolph

Washington’s Presidency Alexander Hamilton’s Economic Plan George Washington entrusted the young Alexander Hamilton to fix the nation’s economy what problems did we face??? created 3-step plan: deal with DEBT create REVENUE stabilize the SYSTEM

Washington’s Presidency How to deal with DEBT? assume all state debt nat’l gov’t will pay off ALL debt the south HATES this… why? most southern states had paid their debts already!!!! how do we get them to support? COMPROMISE! nat’l capital is placed in the South…. Washington D.C.

Washington’s Presidency How to create REVENUE? excise taxes: taxes on purchases of certain goods placed tax on WHISKEY!!! protective tariff: tax on foreign imports encourage ppl to buy American goods

Washington’s Presidency How to stabilize the SYSTEM? create a national bank! place to keep money and regulate currency There’s a problem though…. Constitution says nothing about creating a bank Hamilton argues there are implied powers In 1791 First Bank of the United States is created for 20 years!

Washington’s Presidency Loose Interpretation of the Constitution belief that the gov’t has any power NOT forbidden by the Constitution Elastic Clause: “Congress shall have power… to make any law NECESSARY AND PROPER”

Washington’s Presidency Strict Interpretation of the Constitution belief that the gov’t is limited to powers clearly stated in the Constitution

Washington’s Presidency Whiskey Rebellion 1791-1794 rural farmers in Pennsylvania hate excise tax on whiskey resist the tax by attacking tax collectors Hamilton and Washington view this as a chance to demonstrate power of the nat’l gov’t 13,000 troops sent to put down rebellion

Washington’s Presidency FEDERALISTS and DEMOCRATIC- REPUBLICANS *first political parties* The Two-Party System Emerges political parties or “factions” were unwanted by authors of the Constitution happened anyway

Democratic-Republicans Federalists Democratic-Republicans LEADERS Alexander Hamilton and John Adams Thomas Jefferson and James Madison GOV’T favored a strong centralized (national) gov’t favored states’ rights ECONOMY wanted economy based on industry and trade (favored by the North) wanted economy based on farming (favored by the South) FOREIGN ALLIANCE Pro-British Pro-French CONSTITUTION loose construction strict construction SOCIETY favored by wealthy elite and the NORTH favored by common people and the SOUTH

Washington’s Presidency Proclamation of Neutrality war breaks out btwn Great Britain and France awkwaaard… we trade with both nation too weak to get involved Washington declares the United States neutral (not choosing sides) in the conflict

Washington’s Presidency Meanwhile…. Great Britain keeps attacking American ships that are trading with France! also impressing American sailors (kidnapping them and forcing them to work in British Navy) British soldiers in NW Territory are encouraging NAs to attack American settlers and providing them weapons seriously guys???

Washington’s Presidency American settlement in the new western territories had caused conflict between Native Americans and settlers The Battle of Fallen Timbers (1794) was the final battle btwn Americans and Native American groups in a series of conflict over land American victory

Washington’s Presidency Treaty of Greenville (1795) following defeat at Fallen Timbers, Native American leaders were forced to accept peace terms Americans agreed to stop military conquest but forced NA groups to give up land treaty gave the U.S. most of present day Ohio opened the Northwest Territory to more settlement

Washington’s Presidency Jay’s Treaty btwn Britain and U.S. passed to avoid war with Britain treaty terms: G.B. gives up forts in Northwest Territory U.S. promises to repay pre-war debts

Washington’s Presidency Pinckney’s Treaty btwn Spain and U.S. treaty terms: U.S. shipping rights on Mississippi River U.S. access to New Orleans port established northern border of Spanish Florida

Washington’s Presidency Effects of treaties more Americans move west! victory over Native Americans, removal of British forts, and access to New Orleans encouraged Americans to move west selling land to settlers raised $$$ for nat’l gov’t to pay debt

Washington’s Presidency Washington Leaves Office retired voluntarily after 2 terms set another precedent Washington’s Farewell Address: avoid political parties avoid alliances with European nations

George Washington’s Farewell Address Read the document and highlight or underline the main points/topics as you read through. Then answers the questions on the second sheet of paper.