Organic Compounds Student Learning Objectives (Chapter 14) Student Learning Objectives Identify substances which contain organic compounds Discuss the importance of structure

What is organic chemistry? Organic chemistry is the study of carbon compounds. Carbon has a unique ability to bond with itself in complex covalent bonds. A single molecular formula may have several structures. IDTIMWYTIM: "Organic" 90% of compounds

Some Structures for C5H10

Practice These Practice Problems are presented in class

Retinol (most common form of vitamin A)

In what substances are hydrocarbons found? All hydrocarbons contain hydrogen and carbon. Aromatic hydrocarbons contain the Benzene Ring (C6H6) Benzene Symbol

Aromatics (benzene substances) have a strong aroma. Benzene is a carcinogen. Gasoline Adhesives Perfumes Paint Stripper Tobacco Household Cleaners

Question These Practice Problems are presented in class

CnH2n+2 Alcanes Aliphatic hydrocarbons contain no Benzene Ring Methane Propane Ethane Cyclo-Pentane

n-hydrocarbons: unbranched These Practice Problems are presented in class Alcane hydrocarbons have structural isomers. Same molecular formula Different physical and chemical properties n-hydrocarbons: unbranched iso-hydrocarbons: The prefix iso-, which stands for isomer, is commonly given to 2-methyl alkanes. In other words, if there is methyl group located on the second carbon of a carbon chain, we can use the prefix iso-. The prefix will be placed in front of the alkane name that indicates the total number of carbons. neo-hydrocarbons:The prefix neo- refers to a substituent whose second-to-last carbon of the chain is trisubstituted (has three methyl groups attached to it). A neo-pentyl has five carbons total. 

Octane ratings are based on the abundances of the different structural isomers of Pentane. Straight-chain hydrocarbons burn faster Branching iso-hydrocarbons burn slower neo-pentane highest octane rating iso-pentane n-pentane lowest octane rating

Alkyl hydrocarbons are Alkanes with 1 hydrogen (H) replaced by Hydroxide (OH) Alcohol Isomers

Organic molecules have a base unit called a functional group. Carbonyl Alkene Alkyl Amine Benzyl Ketone http://www.compoundchem.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Organic-Functional-Groups-Update.png http://sparkcharts.sparknotes.com/chemistry/organicchemistry1/section5.php

Why are plastics and proteins difficult to break down? Polymers are very long molecules made up of repeating monomers. (chains of monomers) Human-made polymers are commonly called plastics. Naturally Occurring Human Produced DNA Carpet Proteins Plastics Complex Carbohydrates Chewing Gum From DNA to Silly Putty, the diverse world of polymers - Jan Mattingly

Polystyrene polymerization many styrene polystyrene

What are carbohydrates? A carbohydrate contains carbon and water. Carbohydrates are divided into 3 classes. Glucose C6(H2O)6 Monosaccharide Fructose Sucrose C12(H2O)11 Disaccharide Cellulose (Starch) (C6H10O5)n Polysaccharides http://biology.clc.uc.edu/courses/bio104/carbohydrates.htm The simple story of photosynthesis and food - Amanda Ooten