Alkanes and Industry

You already know organics! Natural Gas Coalbed methane Crude Oil Heavy Oil Oil Sands / Bitumen Coal

Catalytic Cracking The large molecules are broken down with heat / catalysts to produces smaller, more usable molecules Thermal Cracking uses high temperatures and pressures however produces a lot of coke Hydrocracking is combined with hydrogenation and is used for aromatics, no coke is produced

Fractional Distillation Separates different petrochemicals based on their molar mass and boiling point Smaller petrochemicals boil first and rise to the top This separation is very important to industry

Alkanes Saturated = ALL SINGLE BONDS End in “ane” Branches are numbered so longest branches are lowest # possible

Steps to Naming Alkanes Find longest continuous chain, assign numbers and ROOT name, ending in ”ane”. ROOT name is the final part of the alkane name Number branches and determine prefix for each, assign suffix “yl” for each branch Place the branches in alphabetical order in front of root, if more than one, include Greek prefixes Assign position numbers in front of branches

Examples

Examples 3,3,4,5-tetramethyl decane 3-ethyl 5-methyl octane 4-butyl, 3-ethyl, 2,6-dimethyl nonane 4-ethyl 2,3,3-trimethyl heptane