23.3 – Classifying Chemical Reactions

Objectives Identify the general types of chemical reactions. Predict which metals will replace other metals in a compound.

Synthesis Reaction Two or more substances form a new substance A + B  C

Decomposition reaction One substance breaks down into two or more substances AB  A + B

Single-Displacement Reaction One element replaces another one in a compound A + BC  AC + B D + BC  BD + C

Double-Displacement Reaction Results if a precipitate, water, or a gas forms when two ionic compounds in solution are combined AB + CD  AD + CB

Activity Series In single displacement reactions, more reactive metals can replace less reactive metals Most reactive – lithium, potassium, sodium Least reactive – gold, silver, copper

A + BX  AX + B AX + BY  AY + BX Synthesis A + B  AB Na + Cl2  NaCl Decomposition AB A + B 2NaCl  2Na + Cl2 Single-Displacement A + BX  AX + B Mg + CuSO4  Cu + MgSO4 Double-displacement AX + BY  AY + BX CaCO3 + HCl  CaCl2 + H2CO3

Combustion Reaction Type of synthesis reaction that produces heat and light Involves a carbon compound plus oxygen gas to produce carbon dioxide and water 2 C2H6 + 7 O2  4 CO2 + 6 H2O

Video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i-HHvx1VC_8

In-Class Assignment/Homework 23.3 WKT

Synthesis A + B  AB Na + Cl2  NaCl Decomposition AB A + B 2NaCl  2Na + Cl2 Single-Displacement A + BX  AX + B Mg + CuSO4  Cu + MgSO4 Double-displacement AX + BY  AY + BX CaCO3 + HCl  CaCl2 + H2CO3 Combustion CxHY + O2  CO2 + H2O 2 C2H6 + 7 O2  4 CO2 + 6 H2O