Agenda 9/27 Antibiotic Resistance Lecture Antibiotic Resistance Case Study Introduce antibacterial project Homework: 1. Chp 23 reading and notes (due 10/2) 2. Genetic Drift Video and Notes Turn in: Video notes and dog’s decoded answers

Questions Why is using antibacterial products producing more resistant bacteria? Why is this a growing problem? How does using antibiotics in farming results in problems for humans? Can antibiotic resistance spread? Why is it so important to take the full dose of an antibiotic? How does this relate to evolution? What’s the deal with MRSA? What can we do?

How does this relate to evolution? The bacteria developing a random mutation for antibiotic resistance is the starting point for natural selection Then, in the presence of antibiotics, there is an advantage for the resistant bacteria They have an increased fitness when compared to antibiotic sensitive bacteria Over time, those resistant bacteria survive longer and reproduce more meaning a larger proportion of the population will possess antibiotic resistant genes

Antibacterial Products These are found in soap, wipes, hand sanitizer, household cleaners etc. As you use these products, they kill bacteria that are sensitive to the antibiotics The bacteria that are resistant survive, and reproduce, passing their resistant genes on

Resistant Genes Can Spread Bacteria can share genetic material through a process called conjugation This means, if one cell becomes resistant it can spread to other cells in the population

Farming an antibiotics When antibiotics are regularly fed to animals, it provides a selective advantage to resistant bacteria in those animals When the meat is not cooked or handled properly, those resistant bacteria can spread to humans

Taking the full dose of antibiotics It is important to take the entire dose of antibiotics when you are sick to ensure your do not get a 2nd infection that is harder to treat with antibiotics

Initial Treatment Re-treatment Now you aren’t ever going to get below the immune threshold Antibiotic-sensitive Antibiotic-resistant

MRSA (methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus)

What can we do?

Evolution Soap/Antibacterial Project 3 Parts 1. A proposal to persuade administrators and teacher to not use antibacterial products in the school (soap, hand sanitizers, cleaners) 2. A meeting with an administrator to give a brief overview of your proposal 3. A reflection of that meeting Additional Requirements In your proposal you must use 2 peer reviewed sources and at least 5 other sources All writing must be summarized in your own words In-text citations and a bibliography required (MLA format) You must prepare for your meeting, be professional, and plan to keep it to 10 minutes

Due Dates Group progress form: due 10/1 in class Your sources: due 10/1 by 11:59 PM Written proposal: due 10/3 by 11:59 PM Meeting reflection: due 10/11 by 11:59 PM Questions?