Classification of Material Flows Fridolin Krausmann Krausmann | Eurostat MFA Training | 02-03.09.2009

1 Biomass: Krausmann | Eurostat MFA Training | 02-03.09.2009

1 Biomass: Krausmann | Eurostat MFA Training | 02-03.09.2009

2 Metal ores: Krausmann | Eurostat MFA Training | 02-03.09.2009

3 Non Metallic minerals Krausmann | Eurostat MFA Training | 02-03.09.2009

4 Petroleum Resources (5 and 6) Krausmann | Eurostat MFA Training | 02-03.09.2009

Data Sources Fridolin Krausmann Krausmann | Eurostat MFA Training | 02-03.09.2009

International data sources National data sources are first choice: Agricultural statistics Forest inventories Mining statistics Energy statistics Industrial production statistics Trade statistics International data sources are based on data reported from national statistical offices/national sources. The can be of use if national data are not accessible for cross checks; supporting information Krausmann | Eurostat MFA Training | 02-03.09.2009

International data sources FAOSTAT: Statistical database of the food and agriculture organisation (FAO) – primary crops harvest, timber and fuel wood, livestock, trade with agriculture and forestry products (1961-) USGS and BGS: United States geological service and British Geological Service – data on the extraction of mineral resources (ores, non-metallic minerals, petroleum resources). UNICPS: United Nations Industrial Commodity Production Statistics – data on the extraction of mineral resources (ores, non-metallic minerals, petroleum resources) (1950/70-) Krausmann | Eurostat MFA Training | 02-03.09.2009

International data sources IEA: Database of the International Energy Agency (IEA) and OECD – data on the production (extraction) of and trade with petroleum resources (1960-) UNCOMTRADE: United nations commodity trade statistics – data on imports and exports (1962-) Krausmann | Eurostat MFA Training | 02-03.09.2009

USGS – country data sheets Krausmann | Eurostat MFA Training | 02-03.09.2009

FAOSTAT: Crop production Krausmann | Eurostat MFA Training | 02-03.09.2009

Database Links FAOSTAT: http://www.fao.org/corp/statistics/en/ European Mineral Statistics, a product of the World Mineral Statistics, published annually by the British Geological Survey (BGS) http://www.bgs.ac.uk/mineralsuk/commodity/europe/home.html Minerals Yearbook (Volume III: Area Reports: International), by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/country/index.html#pubs United Nations Industrial Commodity Production Statistics http://unstats.un.org/unsd/industry/ics_intro.asp NewCronos, the statistical database of Eurostat. http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page?_pageid=1996,45323734&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL&screen=welcomeref&open=/data&language=en&product=EU_MAIN_TREE&root=EU_MAIN_TREE&scrollto=0 UNCOMTRADE: http://comtrade.un.org/db/ Krausmann | Eurostat MFA Training | 02-03.09.2009

Material flow accounting: Global issues and indicators Fridolin Krausmann Krausmann | Eurostat MFA Training | 02-03.09.2009

Socio-economic metabolism Environment Socio-economic system Socio-economic system Resource inputs Waste and emissions Agriculture Mining Stock depletion Overexploitation Greenhouse gases Toxic wastes Waste disposal Waste water 1) Gesellschaft hat einen Stoffwechsel. Ein wichtiges Konzept in der Nachhaltigkeitsforschung 2) Auf dieser Stoffwechsel lassen sich viele Umweltprobleme zurückführen. Insgesamt ist der gesellschaftliche Stoffwechsel – seine Größe und wie er organisiert ist – ein wesentlicher Faktor für den globalen Umweltwandel. 3) Seit der Industrialisierung hat sich diese Stoffwechsel ganz grundlegend verändert. Huntergrund für diese Veränderung ist der Wandel des gesellschaftlichen Energiesystems vom solaren Energiesystem der vorindustrieller Gesellschaften zum industriellen Metabolismus mit einem fossilen Energiesystem. Die Geschichte dieses Wandels und die Implikationen für zukünftige Entrwicklungen, also den Entwurf für einen neuen-nachhaltigen industriellen Stoffwechsel, werde ich versuchen in den nächsten 35 Minuten nachzuzeichnen: Krausmann | Eurostat MFA Training | 02-03.09.2009

Metabolic scale: Global materials use 1900 to 2005 Krausmann | Eurostat MFA Training | 02-03.09.2009

Phases of global development: Material and energy use per capita Oilpriceshocks 73/79 Materials Energy Post WWII industrialisation Krausmann | Eurostat MFA Training | 02-03.09.2009

National trends: metabolic scale (DMC) Global USA: 15% of global Brazil: 4% of global India: 8% of global Sources: USA: Gierlinger 2009 Brazil: Mayer 2009 India: Lanz 2009 Krausmann | Eurostat MFA Training | 02-03.09.2009

National trends: DMC per capita Global USA India Brazil Sources: USA: Gierlinger 2009 Brazil: Mayer 2009 India: Lanz 2009 Krausmann | Eurostat MFA Training | 02-03.09.2009

Material use (DMC 2000) vs. income (GDP/cap): N = 175 countries Year 2000 Krausmann | Eurostat MFA Training | 02-03.09.2009

Resource productivity: GDP per unit of materials and energy input Krausmann | Eurostat MFA Training | 02-03.09.2009

What can we expect for the future? Global convergence scenarios Global metabolic rates in t/cap Global metabolic scales in billion tonnes Krausmann | Eurostat MFA Training | 02-03.09.2009

Material flow accounts MFA is designed as a physical equivalent to national accounts (GDP) MFA is a tool for monitoring the resource base of the economy: Composition of DE, DMI and DMC; physical trade relations, development over time Supports for strategies of sustainable resource use: EU: European thematic strategies on the sustainable use of natural resources (2003) and prevention of waste and recycling; to be revised in 2010. OECD: Work programme on material flows and resource productivity (2004) United Nations: International Panel for Sustainable Resource Management. Japan: 3R Initiative: Reduce, reuse, recycle. Krausmann | Eurostat MFA Training | 02-03.09.2009

Main aggregates of MFA RMEs unused extraction Stocks Exports DPO DE Socio-economic system RMEs Domestic environment unused extraction Stocks input balancing items output Exports DPO DE Imports Imports DE DPO Exports input balancing items output Krausmann | Eurostat MFA Training | 02-03.09.2009

Indicators: Extensive variables Material flow indicators: Domestic extraction (DE), imports, exports Domestic Material Input: DMI = DE + imports Domestic Material Consumption: DMC = DMI – exports Physical Trade Balance: PTB = imports – exports Domestic Processed Output: DPO = wastes and emissions Net addition to stocks: NAS = DE + imports + balancing items (input side) – exports – DPO – balancing items (output side) Krausmann | Eurostat MFA Training | 02-03.09.2009

Indicators: Intensive variables Relative to Population: e.g. DMC per capita, DPO per capita Relative to GDP: Material productivity: GDP per unit of DMC or DMI Material efficiency: DMC or DMI per unit of GDP Relative to each other: Share of renewables in DMC Ratio of imports to DE Ratio of exports to DMI Krausmann | Eurostat MFA Training | 02-03.09.2009

MFA: Monitoring the resource base of the economy Which materials are used? What share is extracted domestically? How significant is the dependency on imports for key resources? How does materials use change over time? Consumption Indicators: Domestic material consumption is also equivalent to the “domestic waste potential” Is the economy accumulating stocks? DMC, Austria 1960-2005 Krausmann | Eurostat MFA Training | 02-03.09.2009

MFA: Monitoring the resource base of the economy Which materials are used? What share is extracted domestically? How significant is the dependency on imports for key resources? How does materials use change over time? Consumption Indicators: Domestic material consumption is also equivalent to the “domestic waste potential” Is the economy accumulating stocks? DE, Imports, Exports, Austria 1960-2005 Extraction Imports Exports Krausmann | Eurostat MFA Training | 02-03.09.2009

Monitoring physical trade relations: Global division of labour or unequal exchange? Argentina: Resource exporting country Korea (Rep.): Resource importing country Method development: Raw Material Equivalents (RME) of trade flows Krausmann | Eurostat MFA Training | 02-03.09.2009

Countries show different patterns of material consumption: MFA does not allow for simple conclusions on sustainability. The reasons for differences in material use are very divers and reflect resource endowment; economic structure (industries), technology, trade relations and wealth Source: Eurostat 2009 Krausmann | Eurostat MFA Training | 02-03.09.2009

Material use (DMC 2000) vs. income (GDP/cap): Income explains only part of the cross country differences in material use (DMC) R2 = 0.64 N = 175 countries Year 2000 Krausmann | Eurostat MFA Training | 02-03.09.2009

Dematerialisation and Resource Productivity: creating more value with less resource How does material use develop in relation to economic development? How does material productivity develop for different materials? Can we observe absolute or relative dematerialisation? DMC per capita and Material Productivity Austria, 1960-2005 Per capita DMC Material productivity Krausmann | Eurostat MFA Training | 02-03.09.2009

Dematerialisation and Resource efficiency: creating more value with less resource How does material use develop in relation to economic development? How does material productivity develop for different materials? Can we observe absolute or relative dematerialisation? Material Productivity for Biomass and Minerals Austria, 1960-2005 Renewables Mineral materials Krausmann | Eurostat MFA Training | 02-03.09.2009

Economic development and materials use? Is there an inverted U-shape? Source: OECD, Eurostat/IFF 2004 Krausmann | Eurostat MFA Training | 02-03.09.2009