Forms of Governments

To study governments, geographers look at the following: Systems – How the power is distributed. Types – Who rules and who participates.

Systems of Government are based on one question: How is the power distributed? There are three ways governments distribute power: Unitary Confederation Federal

Unitary One central government controls everything. Power is not shared between states, counties or provinces. Examples : United Kingdom, France, the Netherlands, and Spain

Confederation A voluntary association of independent states that agrees to follow a weak central government. Nations can choose to follow or not follow the lead of the weak central government. Examples: Greece, Russian Federation.

Federal Power is shared by a powerful central government. States or provinces are given considerable self rule, usually through their own legislatures. Examples: United States, Germany

Types of Government are based on one key question: Who governs and what is the citizen participation? There are three types of governments: Autocracy, Oligarchy, and Democracy

Autocracy Government in which the power to govern is held by one person. Generally the power to rule is inherited or by military force.

Oligarchy A government in which a few people such as a dominant clan or clique have power. The group gets their power from either military, wealth or social status. Elections may be held but offer only one candidate. Examples: Greek city states

Democracy In a democracy, the government is “Rule by the people” Individual freedom and equality is valued. Free elections are held Decisions are based on majority rule. All candidates can express their views freely. Citizens vote by secret ballot.

Democratic Governments There are two major forms of democratic governments: Parliamentary Presidential

Parliamentary Democracy Prime Minister is elected by legislator There is no set term or limit on how long Prime Minister can hold office Head of the state and the chief executive are two different offices

Presidential Democracy Voters elect (indirectly) the president. There is a set term on how long President can serve The President is the Chief executive and the head of the state

Similarities between Parliamentary and Presidential Democracy Both have a set of checks and balances Both have freedom for citizens Both allow citizens to vote for legislature representatives Both have bicameral legislature US: House of Representatives & Senate UK: House of Commons & House of Lords

What do you remember? What are the three types of governments? What are the three systems of government?