© Rolls-Royce plc 2009 The information in this document is the property of Rolls-Royce plc and may not be copied or communicated to a third party, or used for any purpose other than that for which it is supplied without the express written consent of Rolls-Royce plc. This information is given in good faith based upon the latest information available to Rolls-Royce plc, no warranty or representation is given concerning such information, which must not be taken as establishing any contractual or other commitment binding upon Rolls-Royce plc or any of its subsidiary or associated companies. Published by NATO Research and Technology Organization (RTA) with permission Lecture Series AVT-167 Strategies for Optimization and Automated Design of Gas Turbine Engines (Complex Systems) Applied Vehicle Technology Panel

October 2009 NATO/PFP 2 Agenda Introduction to Lecture Series Aim and Goal for the Lecture Series Organizational topics

October 2009 NATO/PFP 3 Why do we need optimization and automated design processes? Gas Turbines are complex products which have … l Lots of interactions between their parts l Parts operating in a very demanding environment l Far reaching failure consequences

October 2009 NATO/PFP 4 Typical Gas Turbine as an Example for a Complex System

October 2009 NATO/PFP 5 Typical loading environment The forces on one HP Turbine blade are equivalent to one fully laden double decker bus. Typical Trent HP Turbine discs have 92 blades. Therefore, the total force on a single disc is equivalent to a fleet of 92 buses carrying approximately 1000 people.

October 2009 NATO/PFP 6 Consequences of failure A disc burst has similar energy to a family saloon car hitting a brick wall at 100 mph or is equivalent to throwing a car 300 feet into the air. A failure of a such a part during flight would result in disc sections being thrown approximately 1½ miles from the aircraft. A failed part would not be contained within the engine and if travelling in a disadvantageous direction would rip through the aircraft fuselage.

October 2009 NATO/PFP 7 Business drivers FROM: Strengthening Simulations Business Impact: New Strategies in Aircraft Engines July 13, 2009 By Bruce Jenkins, Principal Analyst, Ora Research LLC Ora Research LLC P.O. Box Cambridge, MA USA tel

October 2009 NATO/PFP 8 Aim and Goals for this Lecture Series To define terminology and present optimization techniques; To outline practical approaches to the formulation of automated gas turbine engines (complex systems) design tasks; To teach the methodology and the processes and NOT the tools; To present practical examples of component, subsystem and system level designs and optimizations; To address key technical and human barriers.

October 2009 NATO/PFP 9 Agenda for the LS – Day 1 Welcome Day 1Welcome and Coffee 8:00 Introduction to Lecture SeriesIntroduction to the lecture series 8:30 Terminology & Optimization TechniquesIntroduction & Terminology 8:50 Global Optimisation 9:20 Coffee 10:30 Local Optimisation 11:00 Complements on Surrogate Based Optimization for Engineering Design 12:00 Lunch 12:30 Practical Examples: part & component applicationsIntroduction for the section 14:00 Case Study 1: High Pressure Compressor Blade 14:20 Case Study 2: High Pressure Compressor Endwalls 15:00 Coffee 15:40 Case Study 3: Component Level 16:10 Practical Examples: Sub-systemsIntroduction for the section 16:50 Case Study 4: Sub-system Level 17:10 Day 1 CloseClose of Day 1 17:50

October 2009 NATO/PFP 10 Agenda for the LS – Day 2 Welcome Day 2Welcome and Coffee 8:00 Practical Examples: Sub-systems (cont.)Case Study 5: Long Term Advanced Propulsion Concept and Technologies (LAPCAT) 8:30 Case Study 6: System Level 9:10 Coffee 9:50 Practical Examples: System OptimizationIntroduction for the section 10:20 Case Study 7: PMDO Whole Engine Example 10:40 Case study 8: Honeywell Aerospace Improves Efficiency and Drives Innovation 11:20 Lunch 12:00 Key Resources and Show StoppersIntroduction for the section 13:30 Geometry Parameterization 13:50 Tuning of optimisation strategies 14:10 Coffee 14:40 Cultural issues (e.g. Aero v Mechanical) 15:10 Future Developments 15:40 Discussion & Close 16:10

October 2009 NATO/PFP 11 Organizational topics I Each section has l A short intro to the sections l 2- 4 presentations or case studies Typically the presentation (except the methods presentations) is scheduled for 40 min including at least 10 min discussion time. Coffee Breaks have been organized to foster discussion with the participants and the presenters There is no lunch provided but there are ample of restaurants in proximity of the venue

October 2009 NATO/PFP 12 Organizational topics II Copies of the presentation materials will be provided Your feedback will be used to improve the material and to create Educational Notes These notes will contain the presentation material and papers and will be provided via the NATO web site (within the next 6 month)

October 2009 NATO/PFP 13