Signal Transduction Pathways and Cell Differentiation

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Presentation transcript:

Signal Transduction Pathways and Cell Differentiation Stem Cell Specialized cell type (neuron, skin cell, red blood cell, etc.)

Blood Cell Formation

Red Blood Cell Development

EPO Synthesis of proteins that stimulate Red Blood Cell development

Negative Regulation of JAK/STAT Pathway

Tubulin Dimer GTP GTP Taxol

Centrosome Structure

Pg. 583

Microtubule “Poisons” Colchicine Taxol (Autumn crocus) (Pacific Yew)

Microtubule “Motor” Proteins

Microtubule “Motor” Proteins

Microtubules Help to Organize the Cytoplasm

Actin Filaments

Actin Monomer

Arp2/3 (Actin Related Proteins)

Actin-GFP Actin Cable Cortical Actin Patch

Actin Cables and Actin Patches

Thrombin Resting Platlet Activated Platlet

Gelsolin Protein New minus end

Myosin-II

Muscle Cell

Sarcomere

Contraction of a Sarcomere

Resting Muscle

Ca2+ Binds Troponin C

Muscle Cell

Pg. 574

Pg. 576

Plectin Protein Plectin Microtubule Intermediate Filament Pg. 578

Pg. 577

Mitotic Cell Cycle DNA Replication

G1 S G2 M-Phase G1

Binding site for Origin Recognition Complex (ORC) (ORC)

Semi-Conservative DNA Replication (G1 Phase) (G2 Phase)

Completing Synthesis of the Lagging Strand * (5’ to 3” exonuclease) *

DNA Polymerase “proof reading”

Thymine Tautomers Pairs with Adenine Pairs with Guanine (common form) (rare form) Pairs with Adenine Pairs with Guanine

Telomere Structure T-Loop Telomere (red)

End Replication Problem First round of DNA replication * Final RNA primers removed * * Second round of DNA replication *

Telomere Synthesis

Telomere Synthesis