INW SENSOR TECHNOLOGY Future Ready

Sensor History at INW INW has been making sensors since 1985 Analog Pressure Sensors 1985 Smart Pressure Sensors 2002 Smart Conductivity Sensors 2006 Analog pH & ISE Sensors 1995 Smart pH & ISE Sensors 2006 SDI-12/MODBUS Sensors 2008 INW has been making sensors since 1985

What we will cover Overview INW Analog sensors INW Digital Sensors INW Smart Recording Sensors INW Wavedata Wireless: Real time data collection Meeting the USGS-HIF Requirements!

INW Analog Sensors

PS9800 Pressure Temperature Sensor Analog Sensors PS9800 Pressure Temperature Sensor -4-20 mA output -high accuracy .1% FSO -thermal calibration -submersible -modular design : field servicable -upgradeable to INW smart sensors: Pt2X

Analog Sensors PS98i - 4-20 mA -Submersible -0.1% FSO accurate -Modular (field servicable sensor or cable harness -upgradeable to 2 –protocol sensors with no internal AA’s.

SDI 12/Dual Protocol Sensor: Sdi12 or Modbus Digital Highly Temperature Compensated Low Power Absolute, Gauge, Wet-Wet differential Non-recording Competitive Price Upgradeable to Smart Recording Pt2X

INW Smart Recording Sensors Common Features

Smart Sensors: Common Features Recording from 1 to 4 mb Non-volatile Records in files, old files can be retained up to memory limit Can upload files without stopping recording Can measure and record simultaneously

Smart Sensors: Common Features Run on internal batteries: 3.0 or 3.6 VDC Great for stand alone data collection and portable installations User-replaceable, AA batteries, alkaline or lithium Operate for a year without replacing batteries at 15 minute interval collection

Smart Sensors: Common Features Auxiliary power input : 5.5 – 15 VDC Allows for continuous operation Switches off 3 volt supply so it becomes backup

Smart Sensors: General Features Modbus protocol: RS485 Programmable Baud rate 38,400 standard Transmit data over radios and cell modems Data accessible from the Internet Network on 3-wire bus to 32 devices

Smart Sensors: General Features SDI-12 output Currently Implemented in CT2X-P and pt2x Temphion has components and is sdi12 ready T32 temp recorder is Sdi12 ready GDL know includes sdi12 outputs

Smart Sensors: General Features Digital Output Control line Currently Implemented in Temphion for auto-sampling Custom programmable if installed in firmware in other sensor models. Hardware is there! Alarming and control

Smart Sensors: General Features Powerful Free utility Software A4plus for general operation A4push for auto-network data collection Firmware Downloading Allows for future improvements and features

General Features Powerful software Aqua4Plus Aqua4Push General control Real time monitoring Recording data Calibration Aqua4Push Gather data from various sites and upload to FTP site

PT2X Smart Pressure Sensors

PT2X Smart Sensor & Datalogger Pressure,Temperature & Time Absolute, gauge,wet-wet differential or sealed gauge versions: Vented or Non vented! Highly Thermally compensated Very Low power – two internal AA batteries will record 500,000 records Memory up to 520,000 records Small diameter – 0.75”

PT2X Smart Sensor & Datalogger 316 stainless or titanium Viton®, Delrin® and Teflon® Variety of pressure ranges Networks with all INW Smart Sensors Compatible with WaveData® wireless data collection systems Cabled or Cableless

Cutaway View of PT2X Pressure Element Inlets 2 AA Size batteries Cable End cone Smart Sensor circuit board Top-cap/cable harness

TempHion Smart pH/ISE/Redox Sensors

TempHion Smart Sensor & Datalogger pH / ISE / Redox & Temperature Thermally compensated Low power – two internal AA batteries Over 65,000 records Small diameter – 0.75” Patented highly stable reference electrode designed for long term monitoring

TempHion Smart Sensor & Datalogger Solution ground for excellent noise protection 316 stainless steel Viton®, Delrin® and Teflon® Networks with all INW Smart Sensors Compatible with WaveData® wireless data collection systems

Cutaway View of TempHion Embedded Thermistor Reference solution reservoir pH/Redox or Nitrate module 2 AA batteries Cable Smart Sensor circuit board Patented reference electrode (inside) Solution ground and plated electrode (on other side) Top-cap/cable harness

TempHion Measurement Theory The TempHion works on the principle of direct potentiometry—the same principle that governs any other pH or ISE electrode. Two electrodes Sensing electrode (button) Reference electrode (in reservoir)

TempHion Measurement Theory Reference electrode immersed in filling solution of known chloride content. Chloride content stays constant as long as solution is not contaminated or diluted. Filling solution must be in contact with solution being tested to complete the electrical circuit. Liquid junction port

Measurement Theory Sensing electrode “Cell potential” is measured across the two electrodes. Potential of sensing electrode varies logarithmically with the concentration of the ion it senses. Aqua4Plus uses this reading and applies calibration and temperature compensation to arrive at highly accurate readings. Reference electrode

CT2X Smart Conductivity/Pressure Sensors

CT2X Smart Sensor & Datalogger Conductivity & Temperature with Pressure optional Low power – two internal AA batteries Over 349,000 records Linear and nLFn temperature compensation Small diameter – 0.75” 316 stainless or titanium Viton®, Delrin® and Teflon®

CT2X Smart Sensor & Datalogger 10 μS/cm to 100,000 μS/cm Variety of pressure ranges Absolute, gauge, or sealed gauge Networks with all INW Smart Sensors Compatible with WaveData® wireless data collection systems

Cutaway View of CT2X Optional pressure module Cable harness Circuit board Conductivity probe 2 - AA Batteries

CT2X Measurement Theory INW Technology Epoxy/Graphic probe Durable Easy to clean with cotton swap or small brush 4-pole electrode Reduces fringe field interference Lessens errors caused by polarization effects Lowers contact resistance problems Allows one electrode to work over wide range of conductivity

GDL: General Data Logger

GDL: General Data Logger Specifications 7 standard channels 1 custom channel Programmable warm-up time RS485 Modbus® interface Sdi-12 output to bridge analog party sensors One-read modbus to convert analog sensors to digital Controlled via Aqua4Plus and A4push Compatible with WaveData® Wireless Systems Can be networked with other AquiStar® Smart Sensors

GDL board Digital board 2 4-20 mA 2 Thermistor Power 3 or 12 vdc Strain Guage 3 Voltage Communication

GDL and Booster Board Supplies 12 VDC to sensors Enabled during readings

T8, T16 & T32 Temperature Data loggers Specifications Thermistor or One-wire Temperature Data logger Various thermistors available Up to 16 thermistors per unit Up to 32 one-wire temp chips per unit Weatherproof surface control box 29,000 – 174,000 records, depending on number of active channels

Cellular and Radio Frequency Modems Instrumentation Northwest Presents… Cellular and Radio Frequency Modems

Wavedata Overview Easy Wellhead installation Multiple low-power configurations Cellular, License free, or Both Watertight Assembly RS485 communication allowing networking of up to 32 devices Each project specifically designed to lower costs Well Head Wave Data Unit At Right: Design Set for site specific Installation Center: Wavedata site installation with solar power At Left: Typical installation includes wavedata control boxes mounted at each wellhead.

Wavedata Overview License Free Low Power 900 MHz and 2.4 GHz Multiple Power Levels .01 watt 1000 feet range 1 watt Five mile range 38,400 baud rate Variety of antennas available Above: Buoy based Wavedata installation for Twin Lakes project in Colorado

Wavedata Overview Power Options: Battery Power Solar Power Hybrid Replaceable alkaline batterys Life expectancy = 5 years Solar Power Low cost solar panels Maintenance-free site Hybrid Batteries charge for winter use Batteries used as back-up power source

Available Configurations Remote radios can be used at ranges up to five miles Addition of ip Cell modems allows real-time communication at unlimited distances Combination configurations are more economical for applications with multiple points of data Remote Radio connected to sensors.

Software Data availability in several formats through INW’s Aqua4Plus software. Polling and hosting services offered through INW’s Wavedata system

Remote access made easy. Allows easy access to remote data Mitigates risk of on-the-job injuries Lowers overall project costs Improves data quality Allows access to ecologically sensitive environments Minimizes environmental impact from access

Unique Features Capability of working in cross-platform environments: Non-proprietary file types work with most data management suites and tools, as well as in-house applications. System design allows for many types of sensor and data inputs, including those not manufactured by INW Dedicated and knowledgeable support staff throughout your projects duration “Future ready” design accommodates future changes to project scope and design

Meeting HIF and Mcert Requirments: INW’s History in Sensor Innovation Advancements in Sensing: Strain Gauge Improvement Smart Sensors: Advances in thermal compensation Smart Sensors: Advances in linearization and Long Term drift

INW’s Progress & Improvement INW Patents -Submersible Sensor – 1991 -Temperature Compensation – 1995 -Cable & Harness – 1999

Patent # 5,033,297 – July 23, 1991 Submersible Sensor Patented water-tight O-ring seal at each end Installs without rotating or twisting Multiparameter sensing Modular construction

Temperature Compensation Patent # 5,460,049 – October 24, 1995 Better temperature compensation methods Unique algorithims using sophisticated characterization Advanced Calibration methodology

Temperature Compensation Patent # 5,460,049 – October 24, 1995 Advantages of INW’s Patented Solution Compensates for temperature related errors. Calibration of each unit eliminates differences between individual sensors. No additional temperature sensors needed for temperature measurements. Uses a relatively inexpensive strain-gauge device for high-accuracy readings. (.03% FSO for 5 psi device at 0° – 35° C)

Cable/Harness Patent Patent # 5,857,714 – January 12, 1999 Rapid Assembly High pressure rating High pull strength Reduces materials exposed to water Marked measurement cable Double-redundant sealing

Measurement Specialties IC86 “Ultra-Stable” Pressure Sensor Stability Measurement Specialties IC86 “Ultra-Stable” Pressure Sensor .02% Repeatibility .05% Pressure Hysterisis .05% Temperature Hysterisis .75% FS Span Thermal error (-20 to 85 C): Challenge to Solve .5% FS Zero Offset Thermal error (-20 to 85 C): Challenge to Solve .1% FS non-linearity: Challenge to Solve

Solving Thermal Error Elements have thermal Character Measure Temperature and Pressure over Range to optimize for each sensor Generate Calibration Coefficients Apply Cal Values to each measurement Improves Thermal error to .1% over -20 to 85 C, .05% over 0 to 40

Solving linearization error Once sensor is thermally compensated to range, you can apply additional linearization math Currently 3 pt algorithm

Long-Term Drift: Last Challenge Currently specificed at .1% FS Span/yr Typical Depends on many factors Current recommendation: Service every 6 months, by doing this you eliminate installation variables as well Results: Less than .01 Feet error over 3 years with our 30 psi units!!!

Questions? Suggestions for improvement? Current needs? Please visit us at http://www.inwusa.com

Thank You! Instrumentation Northwest 8901 122nd Ave NE, Kirkland WA, USA 98033 www.inwusa.com