Muscles & Motion.

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Muscle Contraction.

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Presentation transcript:

Muscles & Motion

Evolution of Movement 1) epitheliomuscular cells in Cnidarians epithelial cells w/ contractile protein arrays (actin & myosin) 2) epitheliomuscular cells sank below surface into connective tissues and became muscle

Vertebrate Skeletal Muscle Bundles of muscle cells fuse together inside a covering of connective tissue Bundles of fused muscle cells form muiltinucleate muscle fibers The connective tissue covering extends past the muscle fibers to attach to bones = tendons

Neuromuscular Junctions CNS sends action potential down motor neuron Synaptic Vesicles release Ach (acetylcholine) Ach diffuses across synapse Ach binds membrane receptors & trigger action potential that spreads through muscle fiber along T-tubules T-tubules are in-foldings of cell membrane (signaling molecule/ cell communication essay topic) http://www.dnatube.com/video/1950/Molecular-events-in-muscle-contraction http://msjensen.cehd.umn.edu/1135/Links/Animations/Flash/0010-swf_action_potenti.swf

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum (SR) Action Potential in T-tubule activates SR http://www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/animations/content/muscle.html 1. SR releases Ca+ into muscle fiber 2. Ca+ binds to Troponin 3. Troponin moves Tropomyosin 4. Muscle contracts http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XoP1diaXVCI

Lack of Action Potential Sarcoplasmic Reticulum actively uptakes Ca+ Low Ca+ levels in muscle fiber makes Tropomyosin block myosin binding sites Muscles relax

Sarcomeres: myofibril subunits Joined at borders called Z line

Sarcomeres: myofibril subunits Each myofibril is made of many sarcomeres Sarcomeres contain Thick Myosin in the middle Thin Actin attached to Z line

Regulatory Proteins Tropomyosin – blocks myosin binding sites on actin Troponin complex – move tropomyosin out of the way so myosin can bind to the actin ….activated by Ca

Myosin heads primed by ATP

Binding site blocked by tropomyocin Ca bonding to troponin Δ its shape Δ troponin moves tropomyocin out of binding site Myosin binds to actin

Myosin releases ADP and P and bends toward center of sarcomere Actin pulled toward center ATP binds myosin & resets myosin head http://www.dnatube.com/video/1306/Role-of-myosin-crossbridge-in-the-contraction-of-muscle