To be successful today… Turn in Mixed Practice WS Pick up graded work from blue table (2) Add to TOC & set up notes: Pedigrees BYOD Color of the day is Phones are in put away in backpacks

Orderly diagram of a family’s genetic traits Notes: Pedigrees Orderly diagram of a family’s genetic traits

A pedigree shows… relationships, sex, genotype & phenotype of each member if an allele is dominant or recessive if an allele is autosomal or sex-linked

Symbols Circle = female Square = male Horizontal line = parents Vertical line = children Symbol w/line through it = dead

More symbols Half-Shaded = heterozygous not affected (recessive disorder) Completely darkened = homozygous affected Half-Darkened = heterozygous affected (dominant disorder)

Pattern #1- Autosomal Dominant In general, males & females equally affected NO skipping generations Trait is expressed if allele is present

AD EX: Huntington’s disease Build up of protein causes damage to nerve cells in brain Most people develop symptoms in 40s-50s Symptoms start w/movement problems, slurred speech, balance problems, swallowing difficulties Huntington disease (right) showing a larger cavity where brain cells have died, compared with a normal brain (left).

Pattern #2 - Autosomal In general, males & females equally affected Father-son transmission of trait

Pattern #3 – Autosomal Recessive In general, males & females equally affected Can skip generations Both parents are carriers Trait is expressed only if homozygous

AR EX: Cystic Fibrosis Defective chloride-ion transport protein in cell membranes Symptoms – thick, heavy mucus clogs lungs, liver, pancreas Most people do not survive past late 30s Many treatments for symptoms, but NO cure

Pattern #4 – Sex-linked recessive In general, more males are affected than females If mom is carrier  sons are affected, not daughters If dad is affected  daughters are carriers NO dad-son transmission NO male carriers

EX: Red-Green Color Blindness Affects males more than females 3 types of cone cells working together give you color vision (red, blue, green)

EX: Hemophilia Affects males more than females Missing blood clotting proteins Lots of bleeding from minor cuts Can suffer internal bleeding from bumps/bruises Can be treated w/injections of clotting proteins

Try this one Autosomal dominant

Autosomal recessive

Dominant - Autosomal

Recessive - Autosomal

Recessive, X-linked

Recessive - Autosomal

Dominant - Autosomal

Recessive, X-linked

Autosomal recessive

X-linked recessive