Study Guide Chapters 5&6
Separation of Powers A system in which different branches of government have different responsibilities
Republic A government in which people elect their officials
Bill of Rights Written list of freedoms guaranteed to citizens by the government
Popular Sovereignty The idea that government gets its power from the people.
Checks and Balances System in which each branch of government has the power to monitor and limit the actions of the other two
Judicial Review The power to review decisions made by Congress and the President
Sectionalism Placing the interests of one region above those of the nation as a whole.
War Hawks Angry young politicians who wanted to start a new war with Britain.
Precedent Act or statement that becomes a tradition .
Impressment Taking sailors from their ships and forcing them into foreign service.
XYZ Affair Diplomatic controversy in 1798 in which French officials demanded bribes from American negotiators.
Administration The officials in the executive branch of government.
Unicameral One house legislature.
Bicameral Two house legislature.
What was the purpose of the Constitutional Convention of 1787? To revise the Articles of Confederation .
Who wrote the Virginia Plan?
Who wrote the New Jersey Plan? William Patterson
What were the terms of the Great Compromise? The lower house (House of Representatives) was based on a state’s population Upper house, (Senate) each state had two senators.
Who created the Alien and Sedition Acts? John Adams
What were the terms of acts? Allowed the arrest and deportation of immigrants who criticized the government
Who was the first Chief Justice of the United States? John Jay
What doubled the size of the United States? Louisiana Purchase
What was the Whiskey Rebellion in response to? An unpopular excise tax on whiskey by the federal government.
Who did Jefferson purchase the Louisiana Territory from? Napoleon
Why was the capital moved to Washington, D.C.? Win more support for the Constitution from the Southern states.
Who tried to unite Native Americans into a confederacy to fight back against white settlers? Tecumseh
What act created a Supreme Court with a Chief Justice and five associate justices? Judiciary Act of 1789
Explain the differences between the Virginia and New Jersey Plans.
Federalists Wealthy merchants, bankers, and lawyers. Primarily from New England. Believed in a strong central government. Led by John Adams and Alexander Hamilton.
Anti-Federalists Mostly planters and farms laborers. Primarily from the south and west. Distrusted a powerful central government. Led by Thomas Jefferson and Samuel Adams.
Identify the causes of the War of 1812. Do you believe it was justified?