Chapter 3 Identification and Significance

Restoration colonies, p. 61 Who: Charles I/Stuart monarchy What: North American colonies created by Stuart monarchy Where: NY, NJ, PA (DE), NC, SC When: 1660-1680 Significance: Colonies showed England’s power in North America. Each was governed by one man or small groups of wealthy men.

Quakers, p. 64 Who: small, radical religious group What: rejected earthly and religious hierarchies, believed anyone could directly receive God’s light, respected both genders. Where: members in all colonies with their base in Barbados. When: grew in number during the 1650’s Significance: Quakers suffered persecution due to egalitarian beliefs. Started the colony of Pennsylvania under the guidance of William Penn.

The ‘Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina’, p. 65 Who: drafted by John Locke What: elaborate plan for an equal colony Where: present day North Carolina When: around 1663 Significance: The government would have been governed by a hierarchy of landholding aristocrats and characterized by a distribution of political and economic power. Did not succeed.

Colonial political structures of the late seventeenth century, p. 67 Who: property-holding men What: each colony had a judiciary with local justices of the peace, county courts, appeals court. Where: New England, Chesapeake, Carolinas. When: 1600’s Significance: Although there were similarities, each region developed their own types of political structures paving the way for less uniform practices in later decades.

The Iroquois Confederation, p. 67-68 Who: Mohawks, Oneidas, Onondagas, Cayugas, and Senecas. What: Unique defensive alliance consisting of a representative council that made decisions for all of the groups. Where: New France, parts of Canada and northern New England. When: created in the 16 CT Significance: The French waged war with the powerful Iroquois Confederation in order to control the profitable fur trade. Negotiated a peace treaty with the French in 1701.

King Philip’s War, p. 68-69 Who: New England English settlers and Wampanoag tribe (leader Metacom/King Philip) What: conflict over land and impact of European culture and Christianity. Where: Narragansett Bay When: Early 1670’s Significance: Six years of brutal fighting resulting in: destruction of 27 towns, the power breakdown of southern coastal tribes, and the depletion of New England adult male population.

Bacon’s Rebellion, p. 69-70 Who: Recent immigrant Nathaniel Bacon, wealthy land owner and governor William Berkeley. What: conflict over lack of desirable land Where: Virginia When: 1675 Significance: The conflict resulted in Berkeley creating a new treaty that pushed Virginia Indians back even further into the Appalachians.

Mercantilism, p. 80 Who: The English Parliament and English colonists What: economic theory that viewed the world as a collection of national states whose governments compete for wealth. Where: worldwide (for our study colonies and England) When: 1600’s Significance: colonies supplied mother country with raw materials and a market for sales. Negative affect on the colonies because the theory favors England.

Navigation Acts, p. 80 Who: created by Parliament and imposed on the colonies What: regulations on trade Only English or colonial merchant ships could legally trade in the colonies Certain valuable American products could only be sold in England All foreign goods had to be shipped through England with an import tax. Where: North American colonies When: 1651 and 1673 Significance: These acts had negative affects on the colonies and were not enforced well. Colonists would smuggle goods and will eventually fight these acts.

Glorious Revolution, p. 80-81 Who: James was replaced by William and Mary What: a bloodless coup to replace the Catholic English monarch with Protestant leaders. Where: England When: 1688 Significance: emboldened colonists to revolt against leaders specifically in Maryland and New York.