Periodic Trends

Periodic Trends Periodic trends are the tendencies of characteristics to increase or decrease along the periodic table Ionization Energy Electronegativity Atomic Radius Ionic Radius

Ions ion = atom with an unequal number of protons and electrons Positively charged ion = cation Negatively charged ion = anion To create ions we add or remove electrons. We do not change the number of protons.

Ionization Energy Ionization energy: the minimum amount of energy required to remove electrons.

Electronegativity Electronegativity = the ability of an atom or molecule to attract pairs of electrons.

Atomic Radius Atomic Radius = the distance between the nucleus and the outermost electron shell

Atomic Radius

Ionic Radius Ionic Radius = the distance from the center of an ion and the outermost electron shell

Ionic Radius Anions have a larger radius than the neutral atom When you add electrons they ‘shield’ other electrons from the positively charged nucleus. Those electrons cannot feel the pull of the nucleus and spread out a little farther.

Ionic Radius