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Volume 22, Issue 4, Pages 241-248 (December 2015) Vitamins C and E (ascorbate/α-tocopherol) provide synergistic neuroprotection in the jejunum in experimental diabetes Cristiano Massao Tashima, Catchia Hermes-Uliana, Juliana Vanessa Colombo Martins Perles, Marcilio Hubner de Miranda Neto, Jacqueline Nelisis Zanoni Pathophysiology Volume 22, Issue 4, Pages 241-248 (December 2015) DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2015.09.003 Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 Micrograph of the jejunum myenteric plexus immunostained for HuC/D (A–D) and TrkA (E–H) in the untreated normoglycemic (A, E and I), untreated diabetic (B, F and J), normoglycemic treated with ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol (C, G and K) and diabetic rats treated with ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol (D, H and L). n=5 rats per group. Calibration bar: 25μm. Pathophysiology 2015 22, 241-248DOI: (10.1016/j.pathophys.2015.09.003) Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 Number of myenteric neurons immunoreactive for the Hu protein (HuC/D) and the NGF receptor (TrkA) in an area of 11.09mm2 per technique observed in the jejunum of rats. Groups: untreated normoglycemic (UC), normoglycemic treated with ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol (CAE), untreated diabetic (UD), diabetics treated with ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol (DAE). All results were expressed as mean±standard error. n=5 rats per group for each technique. ap<0.05 for the detection of Hu protein and TrkA receptors when comparing the UC, CAE and DAE groups. bp<0.05 for the detection of Hu protein and TrkA receptors when comparing the UC, UD and CAE groups. Pathophysiology 2015 22, 241-248DOI: (10.1016/j.pathophys.2015.09.003) Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 3 Micrograph of the jejunum myenteric plexus immunostained for CGRP in groups: untreated normoglycemic (A), untreated diabetic (B), normoglycemic treated with ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol (C) and diabetic rats treated with ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol (D). n=5 rats per group. Calibration bar: 1μm. Pathophysiology 2015 22, 241-248DOI: (10.1016/j.pathophys.2015.09.003) Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 4 Micrograph of the jejunum submucosal plexus immunostained for VIP in groups: untreated normoglycemic (A), untreated diabetic (B), normoglycemic treated with ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol (C) and diabetic rats treated with ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol (D). n=5 rats per group. Calibration bar: 25μm. Pathophysiology 2015 22, 241-248DOI: (10.1016/j.pathophys.2015.09.003) Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 5 Relative frequency distribution of the cell body area of myenteric neurons for HuC/D (A) and TrkA (B), varicosities of CGRP neurons (C) and cell bodies of submucosal VIP-ergic neurons (D) in untreated normoglycemic (UC), untreated diabetic (UD), ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol treated normoglycemic (CAE) and ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol diabetic treated rats (DAE). n=5 rats per group. Pathophysiology 2015 22, 241-248DOI: (10.1016/j.pathophys.2015.09.003) Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. Terms and Conditions