Bullous Reactions to Bedbug Bites Reflect Cutaneous Vasculitis

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Presentation transcript:

Bullous Reactions to Bedbug Bites Reflect Cutaneous Vasculitis Richard D. deShazo, MD, Mark F. Feldlaufer, PhD, Martin C. Mihm, MD, Jerome Goddard, PhD The American Journal of Medicine Volume 125, Issue 7, Pages 688-694 (July 2012) DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2011.11.020 Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Bullous reaction from an accidental bite of a C. lectularius nymph 24 hours after the bite. There is a visible path where the nymph appears to have probed before feeding at the main site (arrow). Line equals 10 mm. The American Journal of Medicine 2012 125, 688-694DOI: (10.1016/j.amjmed.2011.11.020) Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Sequential photographs of a bedbug feeding site in our study subject between 30 minutes and 24 hours. The American Journal of Medicine 2012 125, 688-694DOI: (10.1016/j.amjmed.2011.11.020) Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Sequential photographs of a bedbug feeding site in our study subject between 24 hours and 4 weeks. There was progression from blister to bulla, lysis of bulla, and gradual healing at the bulla base with scarring and hyperpigmentation. The American Journal of Medicine 2012 125, 688-694DOI: (10.1016/j.amjmed.2011.11.020) Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 (30 minute and 6 hour reactions) (A) 30 minutes. A striking urticarial-type reaction was present with very prominent edema and paucicellular infiltrate (40×). Immunofluorescence studies for mononuclear cell subtypes showed trace CD4 positivity and 1+ CD68 positivity and negative CD8 staining (not shown). Giemsa stains showed a slight increase in mast cells with 2+ degranulation (not shown). (B) 6-hour reaction. There is a striking vasculopathy with neutrophils, histiocytes, and lymphocytes in a perivenular array (25×). The cells stained 3+ for CD68 and 1+ for CD4. There was focal CD8 positivity in infiltrating lymphocytes (not shown). (C) 6-hour reaction. There also was focal extravasation of red blood cells (200×). Giemsa stains showed normal mast cells without degranulation (not shown). The American Journal of Medicine 2012 125, 688-694DOI: (10.1016/j.amjmed.2011.11.020) Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Figure 5 12-hour reactions. (A) There was a vasculitic reaction with striking fibrinoid necrosis and a 4+ infiltrate of neutrophils (100×). (B) There were vesicles with neutrophilic debris, eosinophils, and hemorrhage (200×). Immunofluorescent studies showed 3+ staining for CD68 cells, trace CD4 and CD8 positivity (not shown). (C) There was 3+ mast cell degranulation on CAE (chloroacetate esterase) stain (400×). The American Journal of Medicine 2012 125, 688-694DOI: (10.1016/j.amjmed.2011.11.020) Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Figure 6 24-hour reactions. (A) There was a striking necrotizing vasculitis with numerous eosinophils (40×). (B) The perivascular eosinophils were markedly degranulated (200×). Immunofluorescence staining showed an admixture of eosinophils with a 2+ concentration of CD68 positive histiocytes. There was 1+CD4 and focal 1+ staining for CD8-positive lymphocyte as well. (C) There was a Churg-Strauss-like eosinophilic vasculitis in some areas with eosinophil granules coating collagen fibers surrounded by a palisading histiocytic infiltrate (400×). (D) Giemsa stains showed focal degranulation of the mast cells and massive degranulation of the eosinophils (400×). The American Journal of Medicine 2012 125, 688-694DOI: (10.1016/j.amjmed.2011.11.020) Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions