Group 4: Flowering Plants Angiosperms (flowering plants) Flower = reproductive structure Attract animals to help spread pollen Forms fruit to protect and spread seeds Seeds Grow inside the fruit Inside the seed 1. Embryo 2. Endosperm (Food supply)

Seed Dispersal Fruit brightly colored Attracts animals Seeds pass through animals digestive system Seeds pooped in a new area to grow Fruit seeds in fox poop

Angiosperm Groups 2 groups: Based on seed type Cotyledon: embryonic leaf Two Categories: Monocots: embryo with 1 seed leaf Dicots: embryo with 2 seed leaves

Monocots vs. Dicots Know this one Know this one Know this one ehh Know

Apple Tree: Monocot or Dicot? 2 1 3 Net-like veins 4 5

Monocot or Dicot? 2 1 3 4 6 5

Monocot or Dicot?

Monocot or Dicot?

Monocot or Dicot? Veins run parallel

Monocot or Dicot? Veins run parallel

Monocot or Dicot? Veins branch outward

Angiosperm Life Spans Three Life Span Types: 1) Annuals 2) Biennials Seed grows… Produce flowers & seeds… Die 2) Biennials 1st year: Seed grows and stores food 2nd year: grows more… makes flowers & seeds… dies 3) Perennials Live for more than 2 years May take decades to grow fruit

Flowers Reproductive structure of angiosperms Sepals outer ring of leaves protection Petals Inner ring of leaves Brightly colored to attract pollinators Male and female organs found inside petals sepals

Tulip Pistil and Stamen female male

Lily Pistil and Stamen female male

Pistil and Stamen female male

Pistil and Stamen female male

Flowers Stamen (male) Carpel/Pistil (female) Anther: tip of stamen, produces pollen (sperm) Carpel/Pistil (female) Inner most part Ovary: within the base Contains eggs Grows into fruit when fertilized Stigma: sticky tip, collects pollen

Self-Pollination (own pollen fertilizes own egg) . . .

Cross-Pollination (pollen of one, fertilizes egg of another) . . .

Angiosperm Life Cycle 1. Pollen sticks to animal (pollinator) or is released into wind.

1. Pollen sticks to animal (pollinator) or is released into wind.

2. Animal (pollinator) finds new flower to feed on & pollen grains land on the stigma = pollination 3. Pollen tube grows towards the ovary and 2 nuclei transfer down into the ovule .. Let’s zoom in egg

4. Angiosperms go through the process of double fertilization. 1 sperm fuse with the egg = zygote 1 sperm fuse with the polar nuclei = triploid (3n) endosperm Double Fertilization Endosperm (3n) Zygote

6. The surrounding ovary grows into a fruit. Endosperm Seed Coat Embryo 5. Each ovule becomes a seed. 6. The surrounding ovary grows into a fruit.

7. Flower dries up and fruit falls to ground.

8. Animals eat fruit….seeds come out the other end…

10. Seed germinates (sporophyte), and the cycle starts over. 9. Seeds get dispersed. 10. Seed germinates (sporophyte), and the cycle starts over. Ground

Plant type Sporophyte Gametophyte Dominant Phase? Flowers (Angiosperm) Moss Stalk with cup at tip, which is where spores are produced. More familiar, carpet-like plant that produces specialized gametes XX - Archegonium XY - Antheridium GAMETOPHYTE Fern More familiar, leafy plant with clusters of spore producing sacs (sori) Haploid plant body is size of a finger nail, produces both male and female parts SPOROPHYTE Conifer (Gymnosperm) More familiar - like pine trees, produces male and female cones that produce spores Male gametophytes are pollen grains sperm Female gametophytes are microscopic eggs Flowers (Angiosperm) More familiar - apple tree, peach tree, zucchini, berries, etc. Contain flowers that produce male and female spores Pollen grains are male gametophytes  2 haploid cells = pollen tube + sperm Female gametophyte in ovule  egg + 2 polar nuclei