Cardiovascular, Respiratory, & Smoking Notes

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

Cardiovascular System Cardiovascular System- a transportation system that carries needed substances to cells and waste products away from cells.

Cardiovascular System Functions Transports nutrients to cells Transports waste away from cells Transports disease fighting white blood cells to areas of infection

Cardiovascular System--Structures Heart Made of 4 chambers Upper chambers are called atria Lower are called ventricles Right side pumps blood to the lungs Left side pumps blood to the body

Cardiovascular System--Structures Heart Heartbeats for kids 90-120 bpm and adults average 72 bpm Septum separates the right and left side Pacemaker found in right atrium Valves allow blood to flow in only one direction

Cardiovascular System--Structures Heart Bright red blood means it is high in oxygen Dark red blood means it is low in oxygen Coronary arteries carry blood to heart itself

Cardiovascular System--Structures Arteries Blood vessels that go away from heart Your pulse is checked using one of several arterial sites

Cardiovascular System--Structures Veins Carry blood to the heart

Cardiovascular System--Structures Capillaries Connect veins and arteries together Site of exchange of materials between the blood and our body cells

Cardiovascular System Disease Atherosclerosis- fat buildup on walls of arteries Hypertension- high blood pressure Hemophiliac- person who can’t control bleeding

Cardiovascular System--Atherosclerosis

Cardiovascular System How to limit your risks of cardiovascular disease Exercise Diet Avoid smoking

Cardiovascular System

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

The Respiratory System I. The Respiratory system A. Function - moves oxygen from the air into the body; removes carbon dioxide and water from the body

The Respiratory System B. Why the body needs oxygen 1. Your cells cannot “burn” fuel without oxygen 2. Respiration: (C6H12O6 + O2 ---> Energy + H2O + CO2) a. oxygen (from lungs) + glucose (from food) undergo chemical reactions in the cell. b. energy is released c. produces carbon dioxide and water as waste

The Respiratory System C. Path of air 1. The Nose a. heats the air. b. mucus moistens the air traps particles such as dust and bacteria c. cilia (tiny hair-like extensions) sweep the mucus into the throat where it is swallowed, then destroyed by stomach acid

The Respiratory System The Path of Air 2. The Pharynx (throat) connects the nose and mouth to the trachea 3. The Trachea (windpipe) a. a tube with a series of ridges b. lined with cilia and mucus particles are trapped and swept up to the pharynx, where they are swallowed irritation in the trachea causes coughing c. if food blocks the trachea, choking occurs

The Path of Air

The Path of Air

The Respiratory System The Path of Air 4. The Bronchi a. split off the trachea that goes to a lung. b. branches into bronchiole

The Respiratory System The Path of Air 5. The Lungs a. the main organs of the respiratory system b. the bronchioles branch more and more in the lungs and end with alveoli (tiny air sacs) resemble grapes each alveolus is surrounded by capillaries; oxygen is picked up and exchanged for carbon dioxide here

Respiratory System

SMOKING AND YOUR HEALTH

Smoking and Your Health A. Chemicals in Tobacco Smoke 1. Tar – dark sticky substance formed when tobacco burns 2. Carbon monoxide - takes place of oxygen in red blood cells 3. Nicotine – addictive substance

Smoking and Your Health B. Respiratory System Problems Caused by Smoking 1. Coughing 2. Bronchitis- inflammation of the lining of the bronchioles 3. Emphysema- alveoli deterioration 4. Lung Cancer- irregular and uncontrolled growth of tumors in the lung tissue

Smoking and Your Health C. Circulatory System Problems 1. Causes heart disease 2. Smokers are more than twice as likely to have heart attacks

Smoking and Your Health

Diagram Time! A= Nasal cavity (brown) B= Bronchi/Bronchus (red) C= Bronchioles (blue) D= Alveoli (green) E= Epiglottis (orange) AB= Trachea (purple) AC= Lung (yellow) AD= Diaphragm (pink) Diagram Time!