Kingdoms
The Kingdoms of Life Biologists have organized living things into large groups called Kingdoms. Biologists group organisms into six Kingdoms based on RNA and DNA sequencing and similarities: Cell Type Organisms are either prokaryotes or eukaryotes. Cell Walls Body Type Organisms are either unicellular or multicellular. Nutrition Organisms are either autotrophs or heterotrophs.
Words and Terms to Know Prokaryotic – no nucleus or membrane-bound organelles. These are the most primitive cells Eukaryotes – have nucleus and membrane-bound organelles Autotrophs – Make their own food Heterotrophs – Obtain their food by ingestion Unicellular-1 cell, Multicellular-many cells Sexual reproduction-2 parents Asexual-1 parent
Kingdom Eubacteria Prokaryotic, unicellular, cell wall Some autotrophic/heterotrophic Asexual reproduction (binary fission) Ex.- bacteria Live almost everywhere, some are beneficial, some cause disease.
Kingdom Archaebacteria Prokaryotic, cell wall, unicellular asexual reproduction, binary fission Some autotroph/heterotroph
Kinds of Archaebacteria Ex.-Methanogens Produce methane gas. Methanogens live deep in the mud of swamps and are poisoned by even traces of oxygen. Ex.-Extremophiles live in very hot places, very salty lakes, live in very acidic places or under enormous pressure.
Kingdom Protista most diverse. Many are unicellular. Eukaryotic, All single celled eukaryotes are protist Most are microscopic Some cell wall Some autotrophic, heterotrophic, some sexual, many asexual Ex. Paramecium, amoeba, euglena, algae
Kingdom Fungi Eukaryotic, has cell wall Most multicellular, yeasts are unicellular. reproduce asexual and sexual methods. do not move from place to place. heterotrophs. EX- mold, mildew, yeast, mushrooms
Kingdom Plantae complex multicellular autotrophs. specialized eukaryotic cells, cell walls, and tissues. cannot move from one place to another. Reproduce sexually and asexually
Kingdom Animalia Complex, multicellular heterotrophs. eukaryotic, lack a cell wall, and are organized as tissues. are able to move rapidly in complex ways Most animals reproduce sexually. Almost all animals (99%) are invertebrates; they lack a backbone. Of more than 1 million living species, only about 42,500 have a backbone; they are referred to as vertebrates. The animal kingdom includes about 35 phyla, most of which live in the sea.