What do we already know about Energy in the Ecosystem? Example: Food chain

Living Things Need Energy

How can organisms get energy? Producers- organisms that can make their own food by using energy from the sun (photosynthesis) Example: Consumers- an organism that eats other organisms or organic matter Decomposers- an organism that gets energy by breaking down the remains of dead organisms or animal wastes

Kinds of Consumers Herbivore- a consumer that eats only plants Example: Carnivore- a consumer that eats only animals Omnivore- a consumer that eats plants and animals

Scavengers- omnivores that eat dead plants and animals Example: Decomposers- an organism that gets energy by breaking down the remains of dead organisms or animal waste

2. Compare/Contrast: How does the flow of matter differ from the flow of energy through an ecosystem? 3. Identify and explain 2 ways nutrients could enter the Tropical Rainforest Biome? 4. Identify and explain 2 ways nutrients could exit the Tropical Rainforest Biome?

5. Evaluate: What would happen to life on Earth if there were no decomposers? 6. Extend: Write 2 questions you have after reading this article. 7. Diagram: Draw a food web with 5 organisms in it and trace the flow of matter and energy in that food web.

Do Now: Open your Ecology Vocab Chart and the Cycles of Matter in the Ecosystem Reading from yesterday. Copy and Paste questions #2-7 from the article into the end of the Vocab Chart. Start working on the questions by yourself. Announcements: Study Island due tomorrow.

Energy Flow Most obvious flow Autotroph  heterotroph (include decomposer) Autotrophs – “self-feeders” = Make own Photoautotrophs Chemoautotrophs Heterotrophs – “feed on others” = Eat Herbivores Carnivores Omnivores Decomposers

Food Chains A simple diagram that shows how energy flows from one organism to another Arrows point towards the organisms receiving the energy. “Points to the organism doing the eating” Usually has 3-5 organisms.

Make a food chain from these organisms…

Food Webs A diagram that shows all the feeding relationships between organisms in an ecosystem Shows a more complete model of how energy moves in an ecosystem Arrows still point towards the organisms receiving the energy.

Good Afternoon! Answer these questions with the person sitting next to you. How does the energy in a fish get into the fish? How does the energy stored in the fish get released from the fish? Are consumers found at the top or bottom of an energy pyramid? Where does the energy you get when you eat come from?

Trophic Levels Producers-make their own food Primary Consumers- Organisms that only eat the producers Secondary Consumers- Organisms that eat the primary consumers Tertiary Consumers- Organisms that eat the Secondary Consumers Top-Level Consumers- Organisms that eat tertiary consumers or who are at the top of the food chain.

ENERGY LIMITED resource WHY talk about energy?? There is a LOT of energy, but there is a LIMIT Cannot make new energy = MUST TRANSFER Results in FLOW from one place to next ALWAYS a limit NO free ride ALL dependent on one another in some way WHY talk about energy??

Living things: Have Characteristic Structure Dog looks like a dog, human like a human, rose like a rose Must DEVELOP Must MAINTAIN Must GROW Must REPRODUCE ALL Need ENERGY

There is a Problem when ENERGY TRANSFERS Transfer “energy” from photons (light) or chemical bonds (“food”) Much simply dissipates as heat By-product of chemical processes (break bonds/form bonds) Much used in ways not available for next organism To make/obtain the food To digest/process food Lost In indigestible parts – e.g. trunks, roots, bones, feathers To run processes

Energy Pyramids Energy Pyramid is a model used to describe the transfer of energy through a community. All the energy available in the biosphere comes from the Sun; producers capture and transform only a small fraction of the energy that reaches Earth’s surface. Base of pyramid is large, top is small…the amount of energy available decreases as you go up the pyramid

Uses 90% loss, 10% transfer for all levels........... Utah State 8th Grade Integrated Science Core Curriculum Page

ENERGY PYRAMID – energy limits QUATERNARY CONSUMERS TERTIARY CONSUMERS SECONDARY CONSUMERS - carnivores PRIMARY CONSUMERS – heterotrophs - herbivores PRODUCERS – autotrophs

Keys to ecosystem success… The loss of a key organism disrupts the movement of energy everywhere!! Kill producers = ecosystem will collapse

Pyramids - variety of ways to examine

Keys to ecosystem success… The loss of a key organism disrupts the movement of energy everywhere!! Kill producers = ecosystem will collapse

1. How are autotrophs different than heterotrophs 1. How are autotrophs different than heterotrophs? Give an example of each. 2.Would an energy pyramid such as this one exist in nature? Explain. 3. How could you change this pyramid to look like one representing a real ecosystem? Why? 4. Explain how matter flows in an ecosystem. Give an example.

Round 1 Round 2 Growth Calories Plant Herbivore Carnivore Bacteria

http://puzzling.caret.cam.ac.uk/game.php?game=foodchain http://www.crickweb.co.uk/assets/resources/flash.php?&file=foodchains

http://www.harcourtschool.com/activity/food/food_menu.html http://www.gould.edu.au/foodwebs/kids_web.htm http://www.qrg.northwestern.edu/projects/marssim/simhtml/info/whats-a-herbivore.html

Warm-up 9/24 Sunlight Nitrogen in the soil Rainfall Wind In a Grassland environment, which abiotic factor is most directly affected by biotic factors? Sunlight Nitrogen in the soil Rainfall Wind

Warm-up 9/25 A caterpillar, a deer, and a rabbit all want to drink from the same puddle, eat the same plant, and bask in the same spot of sunshine.   What are the abiotic factors in this story? 2. Are they competing members of a population? Why or why not?