Philosophy “Lover of Wisdom” Areas of Study: Nature of the world

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Presentation transcript:

Philosophy “Lover of Wisdom” Areas of Study: Nature of the world Reasons for existence Support ideas with logical arguments

Legacies of the Greco-Roman World Rationalism Philosophy, science and History Humanism Truth, art and athletics Inherent Order Natural law, physics and taxonomy Politics Government, civic responsibility and democracy

Socratic Philosophers (470-322 BCE) “Truth and reality are absolute” “The unexamined life is not worth living” Socrates Truth is in the mind but hidden by false impressions You can only know the truth through inquiry

Socratic Method Questions to stimulate the mind! Discover the underlying truth or belief Play the “Devil’s advocate” Questions got him in a heap of trouble: Questioned status quo Charged with corrupting youth Executed

Plato Student of Socrates “Ideal Forms” Reality behind appearances “True, Good, and Beauty” The Allegory of the Cave: Imagination Belief Understanding Leadership A “philosopher king”

The Republic Plato’s vision of a perfectly governed society Not a democracy 3 groups: Farmers and artisans Warriors Ruling class Greatest intellect and insight from ruling class = the Philosopher King

Aristotle Student of Plato Original Renaissance Man: hands in everything Math, Science, natural world Golden Mean Perfect balance and moderation Logic and Evidence Key to happiness and knowledge Inductive reasoning Observed many examples and found an underlying principle

Hellenistic Philosophers (340 BCE) Epicureans knowledge originates and stops in the senses pleasure is the sole good and that pain is the sole evil man must moderate himself in reference to these desires But, eating an entire cake would make you sick. That’s evil. Cake is yummy!