CLADISTICS Cladistic relationships are shown in a diagram called a_________________ CLADOGRAM Image from:http://sps.k12.ar.us/massengale/images/clip0075.jpg

amnion /am·ni·on/ (am´ne-on) bag of waters; the extraembryonic membrane of birds, reptiles, and mammals, which lines the chorion and contains the fetus and the amniotic fluid http://media-2.web.britannica.com/eb-media/27/117227-050-E1C9ABEE.jpg http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/amnions

Even differences show relatedness Human- 46 chromosomes Chimpanzee- 48 chromosomes Even differences show relatedness Chimpanzees have 2 smaller chromosome pairs we don’t have Humans have 1 larger chromosome pair (#2) they don’t have. Human: http://www.nationmaster.com/wikimir/images/upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/18/300px-Human_karyogram.png Chimpanzee: Middle School Life Science , published by Kendall/Hunt.

____________________ TELOMERES IN MIDDLE ____________________ All chromosomes have special sequences called TELOMERES at their ends to protect the strands during replication. http://joannenova.com.au/Speaking/Morslids.html

→ → → 2. TELOMERES IN MIDDLE Human chromosome is only human chromosome that has telomere sequences at the ends BUT ALSO IN THE MIDDLE . . . suggesting it was made by joining two other chromosomes together. → → http://www.evolutionpages.com/chromosome_2.htm

→ EXTRA CENTROMERE _________________ Chromosome #2 has a second inactive centromere region . . . suggesting it was made by joining two other chromosomes together. Which chromosomes? → http://www.evolutionpages.com/chromosome_2.htm

________________________ BANDING PATTERN MATCHES ________________________ If you take the two smaller chromosomes they have that we don’t, and place them end to end, the banding pattern is identical to human chromosome #2 http://www.evolutionpages.com/chromosome_2.htm