Social Influence So what is confomity?’ Conformity: a type of social influence where we choose to go along with the majority (Majority Influence). E.g. Peer Pressure or Fashion Trends We can yield publicly or privately.

Social Psychology CONFORMITY Compliance Identification Internalisation Kelman (1958) found three ways that an individual would change their private / public views: Compliance Conforming but not agreeing with the majority. When group pressure is removed compliance stops. Identification Conforming to the demand of a social role. E.g. wearing ceratin clothes for work and act differnty but when you are at home you wear what you want. Internalisation The individual believes in the goals of a group and will continue to conform even when there is no pressure from a group.

Conformity Processes Informational influence Motivated by a desire to be correct Need for certainty Subjective uncertainty Need for information Private beliefs are likely to change along with public behaviour Refer to social group Internalisation

Conformity Processes Normative influence Need for acceptance or approval Normative influence Motivated by a desire to be accepted Power of social group to reward or punish Conflict between self & group opinion/behaviour Public behaviour is likely to diverge from private beliefs Compliance

Social Influence When have you conformed? Think of and write down two times in which you have conformed. Make sure you write down the situation and what you did to conform. Pass your sheet to the person on your left. Think about the points in front of you. Why did conformity occur? Was it due to normative or informational influence?

Bystander Intervention In the middle of a lesson, you hear a bump behind you and you turn around to see the girl fall off her chair and have a fit on the floor between the desks. What sorts of questions do you ask yourself? What will you do?

Meet Kitty Genovese, 28. Kitty Genovese grew up in Brooklyn, New York in the 1940’s.

Her family moved NY in 1974. Kitty stayed and worked as a bar manager 5 miles from her flat. It made her nervous to return to her apartment in the dark, but it was something she did often.

She rented an apartment located on the 2nd floor of a building in Queens. It was quiet and mostly residential. She shared her space with her friend Mary.

Bystander Intervention On March 13, 1964, at around 3:30AM when it was very dark and cold, Kitty drove home from her job at the New York train station where she worked nights as a manager.

Bystander Intervention When she got out of her car, she saw a stranger walking toward her. The man, Winston Mosley, 29, stabbed her twice. She called out, “Oh my God. He stabbed me. Please help me,” and fell to the ground. Mosley was leaning over her to stab her again, when he heard a man’s voice calling from a window in an apartment building across the street, “Leave that girl alone!”

Bystander Intervention Startled, Mosley ran down an alley, got into his car, and backed up, ready to drive off. Lights had gone on in the nearby apartment building, but they went off again. About 10 minutes later, Mosley got out of the car and again followed Kitty, who by this time had reached her doorway. She fell forward through the doorway, crying out, “I’m dying, I’m dying”. Mosley caught up with her and stabbed her again

Bystander Intervention A while later, a neighbour who had called the police after receiving a phone call from another neighbour, ran down to the lobby and cradled Kitty in her lap until the paramedics arrived. Kitty died. From interviewing people, the police learned that as many as 38 people had seen or heard part of the stalking and murder of Kitty Genovese by Winston Mosley, but only one of them had called the police - and nobody had gone to help her. The attack and Kitty’s death had taken over half an hour.

Bystander Intervention Any one of them could have prevented Kitty’s suffering and murder … but nobody did So why did so many people, who knew what was going on, not help? Would you have helped? What would have made it easier for you to help?

Bystander Intervention This started the area of study called “Bystander Intervention”. What makes people get involved – or do they just “stand by” and watch?

Bystander effect People are reluctance to help someone because they believe other people will help instead.

Motivation to get involved or not: In pairs decide whether you would get involved or not. Give an explanation Provide an example.

Plenary: (2 marks) Descrption Term Althoigh Elliot preffered classical music, he listened to pop music with his friends because they liked it. Louis saw a person stumble and fall in the street. He thought they must be drunk so he did not stop to help.