Introduction Week 1 Kang, Nam-Joon

What we’ll do Theories of children learning: About how children in different ages and aptitudes learn Types and genres of stories for children Effective use of these in language learning

What is story? a narrative, either true or fictitious, in prose or verse, designed to interest, amuse, or instruct the hearer or reader; tale. http://www.thefreedictionary.com/story

Types and genres

Learning and instruction Piaget vs Bruner

Piaget Piaget explains the evolution of mind and intelligence in terms of the development and realization of logic. Not many study of adult thinking

Bruner People do not utilize a single method or logic in reasoning and problem solving: instead they adopt one of a number of strategies that differ in scope, power and efficiency. People take different processes and it is differ from individual to individual and from discipline to discipline.

Piaget Was interested primarily in the structure of mature thinking Both equally interested in action and problem-solving. Both concerns abstract thinking grow out from concrete thinking Did not provide why.

Bruner Logic is not the mature thinking rather one of adaptive thinking Put great emphasis on the role of language, communication and instruction in the development of knowledge and understanding.

Vygotsky and Bruner

People learn from communicating with others. Interactionists Vygotsky + Bruner People learn from communicating with others.

Learn Language through communication

Scaffolding ZPD

Vygotsky’s Zone of Proximal Development Activities that children can’t do even with help. The zone of proximal development Activities that children can do with help. Activities that children can do without help. Lev Vygotsky 1896-1934

? Activities that children Vs. can do with help. can’t do, even with help. Activities that children can do with help. Vs. ? College textbook, picture books for elementary school, creating stories Activities that children can do without help. 17

a zone of proximal development developmental stages a zone of proximal development

Egocentric Conversations 19 Developmental Psychology Lecture 3 19

How do these theories applied? So How do these theories applied?

The Input Hypothesis + 1 the student’s current language level What students already know What teachers should provide

The Input Hypothesis First Second …and so on

The Input Hypothesis (Bad examples) Not building on previous experiences Too much new content (learner overload)

This can be taught, as well. 24

known input + 1 overload

Krashen’s Affective Filter Hypothesis Affective filter – we don’t learn well when we’re too stressed, angry, etc… 26

Krashen’s Affective Filter Hypothesis Language is acquired best in an environment where anxiety and defensiveness are low.

Language learner Affective Filter I + 1 Affective Filter Books Other students Language learner I + 1 movies The teacher Affective Filter

My talk to today is very much one about perspective, rather than research. Of course, we will discuss relevant research findings, but the focus is on the teacher’s beliefs about that research. 29

Homework Read papers and summarize theory write why we have to understand theories of how children learn in order to know what literature, how to use them, and why use them.