2 NTCA is a Registered Provider with The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems. Credit earned on completion of this program will be reported to CES Records for AIA members. Certificates of Completion for non-AIA members are available on request. This program is registered with the AIA/CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product. Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation.

3 LearningObjectives Discuss the American National Standards for the most common tiles installed in today's market Identify causes of job-site problems and how to avoid them To understand the limitations for proper installation of large format tile

With the conversion to thin-bed methods, installation has become a knowledge-based trade Evaluation/remediation of substrate issues Engineering (load) considerations a factor Many products and manufacturers to address a multitude of thin-bed considerations

A137.1 Standard A137.1 Standard More than 30 pages Outlines performance for: Mosaic Tile Quarry Tile Glazed Wall Tile Pressed floor tile Porcelain tile

What is A137.1? Purposes: establishes minimum acceptance criteria for ceramic tile mfrs. (quality control) reference standard for buyers and specifiers A137.1 labeling conveys whats in the box

9 Non-Destructive Tests Evaluation for facial and structural defects Facial dimensions Warpage Wedging Thickness Coefficient of friction Mounting (mosaics) Color uniformity Shade value

12 Destructive Tests Bond strength Breaking strength Chemical resistance Stain resistance Deep abrasion Visual abrasion resistance Thermal Shock resistance Crazing resistance Moisture expansion Thermal expansion Resistance to freeze/thaw Water absorption

Definitions Natural tile: tile that is not sized, nor sorted mechanically Calibrated tile: tile that has been sorted and boxed based on its facial dimensions Rectified tile: tile that has had all edges mechanically finished to achieve a more precise facial dimension

Both the handbook and ANSI Standards are Voluntary Standards There is no compliance requirement Remember there are no tile police

There are also Voluntary International Standards ISO (International Standards Organization) ISO Standards for Ceramic Tile There are 17 tests under ISO similar to and in some cases the same as ANSI Two areas of disagreement are Freeze/Thaw and Slip Resistance

GENERAL CURRENT CONSENSUS ANY ONE SIDE 15 INCHES and larger IS Large Format

Standards Development ASTM C627 Test Method

Accessibility: Flatness and Lippage A flat tile installation requires a flat substrate Designate trade responsible when substrate does not meet flatness requirements: 1/4˝ in 10´ and 1/16˝ in 1´ 1/8˝ in 10´ may be required for large format tile no more than 1/32˝ difference between modular substrate edges Or, specify a mortar bed or self-leveler method

New language addresses grout joint size For requirements on workmanship, cutting, fitting and grout joint size refer to ANSI A section To accommodate the range in facial dimensions of the tile supplied for a specific project, the actual grout joint size may, of necessity, vary from the grout joint size specified. The actual grout joint size shall be at least 3 times the actual range of facial dimensions of the tile supplied. Example: for tile having a total variation of 1/16 in facial dimensions, a minimum 3/16 grout joint shall be used 1/16 minimum grout joint size

LIPPAGE

LIPPAGE

Minimizing Lippage Specify wider joints for more gradual changes Off-set patterns can sometimes result in more lippage Beveled/cushion-edge tiles can minimize effects of lippage

Medium bed thinset? No Standards Manufacturers vary on maximum thickness ½ inch to ¾ inch Not intended to be used for true up Designed to hold more weight

IMPORTANT EDITORIAL ADDITIONS SUBSURFACE TOLERANCE Thin-set is not intended to be used in truing or leveling the work of others The subsurface typically should not vary by more than 1/16" over 1-0", nor more than 1/32˝ between adjoining edges (where applicable: e.g. sheets of plywood or between adjacent concrete masonry units).

MOVEMENTACCOMMODATION

Thermal Expansion Growth due to raised temperature, such as direct sunlight or steam room applications Growth varies by type of tile Growth is cyclical – may occur several times in a single day Moisture Expansion Growth due to moisture exposure Irreversible and long-term growth Exteriors and other areas of high moisture are critical

Both can cause Tenting

…thanks to contractor associations

Specifier needs to SPECIFY which method applies in the contract – full or partial coverage! – full or partial coverage!

Thin-set coverage requirement is 80% interior / 95% exterior and wet areas

QUESTIONS?