Ch. 40 – Echinoderms Phylum: Echinodermata

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Presentation transcript:

Ch. 40 – Echinoderms Phylum: Echinodermata Sea stars, sand dollars, brittle stars, & sea cucumbers Marine Usually 5 arms  pentaradial No circulatory, respiratory, or excretory systems Water-vascular system Tube feet that aid in movement

Most invertebrates have an exoskeleton to support them Most invertebrates have an exoskeleton to support them . Echinoderms have an endoskeleton, which is a skeleton within the body. This is why echinoderms are thought to be closer related to vertebrates.

5 Classes of Echinoderms 1. Ophiuroidea  brittle stars & basket stars 2. Crinoidea  sea lilies & feather stars 3. Holothuroidea  sea cucumbers 4. Echinoidea  sand dollars & sea urchins 5. Asteroidea  starfish & sea stars

Class: Ophiuroidea Brittle stars Gets it name brittle because its has long, thin arms and are constantly breaking off and regenerating. Pg 791 & 785

Sea lilies & feather stars Sessile Pg. 792 Class: Crinoidea Sea lilies & feather stars Sessile Pg. 792

Class: Holothuroidea Sea cucumber Soft body If threatened the sea cucumber may eject their organs out of their body at the predator. They then regenerate their organs. Pg. 792

Sand dollars & sea urchins Class: Echinoidea Sand dollars & sea urchins They have an Aristotle’s lantern, which is a jaw-like structure for grinding their food. Sea urchins have long spines with sometimes venom for protection Sand dollars are about the size of a silver dollar.

Class: Asteroidea (sea star) Body Structure (external) Aboral surface  Madreporite is located (top side) Oral surface  mouth is located (bottom side) Ossicles  calcium spines Pedicellarie  tiny little pinchers that clean the body surface so debris doesn’t collect.

Water- Vascular System Used to create movement Enters the madreporite  stone canal  ring canal  5 radial canals lateral canal  the tube feet (100s of tube feet), have ampulla (air sacs), that act like a pipette and release the water with pressure. Pg. 786

Body Systems No circulatory, respiratory, or excretory systems. Each arm has an eyespot at the end, which senses light and touch. Digestion  They have digestive glands. Their tube feet are strong enough to open clams & mussels.

Reproduction  Each arm of the sea star has 2 gonads that produce eggs and sperm cells. They are hermaphrodites. Sea stars can regenerate lost parts. A new sea star can regenerate from a segment of an arm as long as it has part of the ring canal attached.