State of Indiana Orthophotography and LiDAR Program R.N. Wilkinson Special thanks to: Jim Sparks Jim Stout Phil Worrall

Indiana’s Statewide GIS Framework Data Layers At the edge of some great accomplishments

Statewide GIS Initiatives IndianaMap Data Sharing Initiative Broadband Mapping Program Local-Resolution NHD Development Orthophotography & LiDAR Program IGIC/ISPLS Height Modernization Pilot & the INDOT CORS Network The New IndianaMap Viewer R3 If you look at Indiana’s large project compared to other states – for a number of these, Indiana is often in the lead pack for these types of initiatives! For example, our 2005 IndianaMap Statewide Orthophotography project was the first in the Nation to require a 100% digital camera solution. Now this requirement is commonplace. Indiana’s new Statewide geospatial data program continues to lead the way, by incorporating the collection of both new digital imagery and digital elevation data into the same program. Our Statewide Local-resolution NHD project is also one of the first such statewide projects in the Nation!

2011 -2013 Statewide Ortho – LiDAR Deliverable Products Ortho Data Products (Delivered by County) 1-foot Pixel 4-band GeoTIFF tiles (NSSDA) ECW Compressed Tiles (~20:1) FGDC Metadata Elevation Data Products (Delivered by County) LAS 1.2 Classified Point Cloud, 1.5 meter NPS (nominal point spacing, Bare Earth, first & last return data, and intensity (NSSDA & USGS Ver. 12/13) Bare-Earth Hydro-Flattened DEM (IMG format 5-foot pixel tiles) Hydro Breaklines in ESRI format

LiDAR & LAS Files Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) LAS file: An ASPRS open format to store LIDAR point data records. LAS files combine GPS, IMU, and laser pulse range data to produce X, Y, and Z point data. LAS was designed as a data exchange format between different systems and software more than anything else (.img, .tif, .grd, .xyz, .tin) LAS files are becoming in greater demand because of the richness of the data they contain, and the growing ability to easily process the point cloud data on demand to create the exact product and data format users need.

Program History 2005 Statewide Imagery Project DHS Grant was stimulus Program the result of the IGIC Orthophoto Workgroup Primary goal was a one-year statewide acquisition $8.5 Million cost Completed in 2006

2005 Ortho Project Benefits $1.7 Billion worth of project and operations support

2011 Indiana Statewide Program

Deliverables - Orthophotography LiDAR ECW files GeoTiff Metadata Compressed files GeoTiff Located geographically Metadata Tile Index 5000 x 5000 index LiDAR Digital Elevation Models DEMs LAS files Hydro Line Work Used to hydro flatten water bodies Tile Index 5000 x 5000 index

2011 Indiana Statewide Program Administered through Indiana Office of Technology – State Geographic Information Officer – Jim Sparks Base Products 1’ Pixel Resolution – 4-Band Imagery USGS-compliant, 1.5 meter post spacing LiDAR Digital Elevation Model Available Buy-up Options 6”-inch Resolution Ortho 3”-inch Resolution Ortho 1-meter post spacing LiDAR

What is an Orthophotograph? Definition: A digital (electronic) aerial photograph that has been modified to remove distortion from the camera & airplane and adjusted to fit the ground surface. It is a photo that can be used as a MAP.

Orthoimagery Deliverables 4-Band 1”=200’ scale seamless orthoimagery GeoTIFF format Enhanced Compression Wavelet (ECW) format 5,000 X 5,000 tiles +/- 5.0 horizontal accuracy NSSDA Standards FGDC Metadata

Cameras Distort Images All imagery has spatial error due to the distorting nature of photography. & Don’t forget Terrain Distortion

2002 Orthos with old DEM 2003 Orthos with new DEM

Orthophoto Uses Orthophotography has the geometric characteristics of a map and the image qualities of a photograph. distance measurements area calculations determination of feature shape direction calculations determination of coordinates at a location analyze change

Orthoimagery Deliverables 4-Band 1”=200’ scale seamless orthoimagery GeoTIFF format Enhanced Compression Wavelet (ECW) format 5,000 X 5,000 tiles +/- 5.0 horizontal accuracy NSSDA Standards FGDC Metadata

Orthoimagery: Base Resolution 12-inch

Orthoimagery: Optional Resolution 6-inch

Orthoimagery: Optional Resolution 3-inch

Indiana LiDAR Program Capture 1/3 of state/year Base LiDAR product is: LiDAR Point Cloud 1.5 Meter Post Spacing 1st & Last & Intensity (LAS v12 format) Digital Elevation Model 5-foot pixel, 5k-foot tiles, hydro-flattened (ERDAS Imagine IMG format) Buy-up: 1-meter LiDAR Contours

Statewide LiDAR Data Sources Blue counties (new 2011 -2013 LiDAR capture planned) Other Counties (recent County LiDAR projects) Other Areas (recent FEMA LiDAR projects ) All data homogenized into statewide data product / delivery standard

Indiana LiDAR Program Objective New LiDAR data – with many benefits beyond standard DEM and DTM production, especially when combined with 4-band imagery: Automatic Feature Extraction Change Detection Impervious Surface Analysis Land Use/Land Cover Extraction Forestry Analysis Flood Analysis Line of Site Analysis

LiDAR Light Detection and Ranging – laser range finding from an airplane or helicopter. Builds a “cloud” of X,Y,Z points reflected back to the receiver. Captures all reflective surfaces (ground, buildings, trees, utility lines). Not water. Reflectivity can be used to determine type of surface.

LiDAR Cloud Profile of Indy

LiDAR shaded blue to red, oblique view LiDAR shaded blue to red, oblique view. Arrow shows perspective of next slide.

LiDAR of tree stand, oblique view LiDAR of tree stand, oblique view. Note Cyan dots represent points on the ground. So, about 1/1000 points get to the ground through dense forest.

Definition – Digital Elevation Model A 3D computerized representation of the variation of relief of the earth’s surface in the form of points of elevation (often supplemented by breaklines depicting severe changes in slope). Used for: - Rectifying aerial photography. - Calculating ground contours. - 3D modeling of slope and drainage.

DTM DEM

Uses for LiDAR Data and DEM’s Point elevations Warp correction on imagery Building outline detection Forestry production determination 3d Modeling 3d Mapping Change detection on built up areas

Indiana LiDAR Program

LiDAR shaded red to blue elevations. Trees are easily identifiable.

Depth Grids Depth of flooding derived from subtracting WSEL and terrain grids To be a standard deliverable for FEMA Flood Insurance Study modeling under RiskMAP Also a standard input for HAZUS-MH to determine flood loss impacts

Natural color ortho draped over LiDAR cloud, oblique view.

Contours from LiDAR (with Breaklines)

Access to Data IU Indiana Spatial Data Portal Indiana Map Single file download Multi-file download tool Indiana Map State of Indiana County Governments Open Topography website IGIC Corporate or Institutional Members Hard drives available through Phil Worrall

Indiana LiDAR Program

Indiana Map A WORK IN PROGRESS Internet dependant

Indiana Map http://maps.indiana.edu/layers.html Through the Layer Gallery

Access State of Indiana – GIO office County Govt – Check with local government for availability Each County got their data delivered on hard drives.

Indiana Statewide LiDAR Data Introducing the Open Topography Server for Indiana

The Open Topography Server for Indiana

The Open Topography Server for Indiana

The Open Topography Server for Indiana

The Open Topography Server for Indiana

Open Topography Server Classes of data types available LiDAR point cloud data Standard digital elevation models (DEMs) For LiDAR point cloud data, web-based tools are also available to process these data into custom DEMs.

The Open Topography Server for Indiana

The Open Topography Server for Indiana

The Open Topography Server for Indiana

The Open Topography Server for Indiana

The Open Topography Server for Indiana

The Open Topography Server for Indiana

Open Topography Server for Indiana

TOOLS in Open Topography

Open Topography Server for Indiana Indiana Download and do some REAL COOL THINGS!

QUESTIONS?