Thermal energy transfer INSTRUCTED BY MS. SORN

Key vocab 01 quiz – 10 to 15 minutes Turn in your key vocab 01 packet

6 DO NOW: THERMAL ENERGY TRANSFER 4/3/17 QUESTION: What is the difference between an exothermic reaction and an endothermic reaction? ANSWER: A chemical reaction that releases energy is called an exothermic reaction. A chemical reaction that stores energy is called an endothermic reaction.

6 DO NOW: THERMAL ENERGY TRANSFER 4/4/17 QUESTION: How might convection drive patterns in the atmosphere? ANSWER: (Energy is transferred between the earth's surface and the atmosphere via conduction, convection, and radiation.) Convection occurs in fluids like water and air, which move freely. This helps create wind.

READING SET x Do Pg. 5’s “What Do You Think” HOMEWORK 4/3/17 READING SET x Do Pg. 5’s “What Do You Think” Key Vocab 01: Words 1, 2, 3, 4

READING SCIENCE: EXO-ENDO REACTIONS (MULTIPLE CHOICE) HOMEWORK 4/4/17 READING SCIENCE: EXO-ENDO REACTIONS (MULTIPLE CHOICE) Key Vocab 01: Words 1, 2, 3, 4

1. matter (noun) - Anything that has mass and takes up space. KEY VOCAB 02: WORDS 1 AND 2 1. matter (noun) - Anything that has mass and takes up space. 2. states (i.e. energy) (noun) - Distinct forms of matter known as solid, liquid, and gas

KEY VOCAB 02: WORDS 3 and 4 3. energy transfer (adj/noun) –  Movement of energy from one system to another. 4. collision (noun) - When objects come in contact, the motion energy of one object can be transferred to change the motion or stored energy (e.g., change in shape or temperature) of the other objects.

LEARNING TARGET/ attendance

AGENDA Do now 1 Do now II (homework in planner) Key Vocab 01 / Words 1, 2, 3, 4 Recap of Homework Lesson Pre-Investigation Discussion Lab Post-Investigation Discussion Comprehension Check

OBJECTIVES Be able to define and thoroughly explain the law of conservation of energy in terms of how energy changes form (kinetic vs. potential). Be able to identify the specific factors that influence the rate by which energy can transfer.

The law of conservation of energy states: Energy is never created and never destroyed; it simply changes form. 

Heat  Heat is thermal energy that is being transferred from one place to another. An object’s thermal energy equals the total energy of all its moving particles. Heat transfer happens when some of this energy moves from one object to another object.

RULE ABOUT HEAT FLOW When objects of different temperatures are in contact, heat always moves from the warmer to the cooler object until their temperatures are equal.

THERMAL ENERGY TRANSFER ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS 1. What is an exothermic reaction? BIG IDEAS 1. Heat is going to be released. 1) Combustion: The burning of carbon- containing compounds uses oxygen, from air, and produces carbon dioxide, water, and lots of heat. 2) Rain: Condensation of water vapor into rain releasing energy in the form of heat is an example of an exothermic process.

THERMAL ENERGY TRANSFER ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS 1. What is an endothermic reaction? BIG IDEAS 1. Heat is going to be absorbed/ stored. 1) Photosynthesis: Plants absorb heat energy from sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. 2) Cooking an egg: Heat energy is absorbed from the pan to cook the egg.

SPECIFIC HEAT Specific heat is the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of a mass by one degree. The specific heat of a substance is a physical property dependent upon the molecular structure and phase of the substance.  Water has a very high heat capacity. Because water has such a high heat capacity, it can absorb and hold a lot of energy in the form of heat. This is also why water takes so long to get hotter (raise its temperature) or colder (lower its temperature).

CONVECTION CYCLES As particles increase their speed, they also move farther apart. As the particles in a group move apart, the whole group becomes lighter than the surrounding, “colder” particles. As a result, the “hotter” particles rise. As particles rise, they gradually lose energy, cool, and sink. This creates a cycle of rising and sinking particles. This circular motion is called a convection cycle. As sunlight heats the ground, air above the ground warms and rises. As the air rises, it cools and sinks back to the ground, where it heats and rises again. This results in a convection cycle and causes wind. Convection also cycles in seawater, powering ocean currents.

Energy clip: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0ASLLiuejAo

Energy clip: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DVSYA1RnSMQ

PRE-INVESTIGATION DISCUSSION (9:40/11:10/1:45) If the type of material affects thermal energy transfer, do you think the amount of the material will affect thermal energy transfer as well? Do you think a spoon with a thicker metal bowl would transfer energy at the same rate as a spoon with a thinner bowl?

LAB: THERMAL ENERGY TRANSFER DUE THURSDAY (4/6) AND FRIDAY (4/7) TIME: 3O MINUTES 9:55-10:25 / 11:25-11:55 / 2:00-2:30

(written in lab report) Step 1: Does the amount of a material affect thermal energy transfer?

Step 4 Hypothesis: Increasing the amount of material through which energy transfer will occur results in the transfer of energy taking an increased amount of time.

(written in lab report) Step 2: Thermal energy transfer is important for cooking; (if the amount of material affects the energy transfer it could have an effect on the design of eating and cooking utensils.)

(written in lab report) Step 3: The independent variable- amount of the material, water (measured in mL). The dependent variable- temperature change of the material (degrees Celsius). The control – glass beakers

LAB: THERMAL ENERGY TRANSFER FOLLOW GUIDED INSTRUCTIONS AT YOUR STATIONS!

(written in lab report) Step 4: Increasing the amount of material through which thermal energy transfer will occur results in the transfer of energy taking an increased amount of time. 

POST-INVESTIGATION DISCUSSION Thinking in terms of magnitude, describe the relationship between the amount of material and the effect of thermal energy transfer. There is an inverse relationship between the amount of matter and the effect of the transfer of thermal energy. For a set amount of thermal energy transferred, the greater the amount of matter, the less effect or less magnitude of change occurs. For the same set amount of thermal energy transferred, the smaller the amount of matter, the greater the effect or the greater the magnitude of change occurs.

POST-INVESTIGATION DISCUSSION How does this model allow the transfer of energy in the system to be tracked? By taking initial temperature readings and temperature readings every minute for 5 minutes, the model allows you to track the flow of energy from the water into the ice cube.

POST-INVESTIGATION DISCUSSION How could you test the thermal energy transfer of different amounts of a metal, such as lead? You could take different masses of lead, heat or cool all of them to the same temperature, then put them in water and monitor the change in temperature of the water. Encourage other creative responses as well.

POST-INVESTIGATION DISCUSSION Why is it important to understand how thermal energy transfer differs between quantities of the same material? One area of current technological development is in very tiny computer chips and components. Developers need to know how small a piece of a given material will provide the conductance they need or if they need to find a different material.