4.2 Evolution = change over time

4.2 Evolution = change over time Natural resistance Selection “nature” “Humans” “chemicals” Darwin Lamark Artificial Selection Theories

Natural Selection Nature will decide or choose which traits fit best Natural Selection Nature will decide or choose which traits fit best. Aka – “Survival of the fittest” .

2 Natural Selection Theories: 1. Charles Darwin Believed organisms born with variety. This led to success for some, called adaptations (they worked). therefore pops. Change over time Cheese: DarWIN 2. Lamark Believed organisms AQUIRED desirable traits in their lifetime. These then passed on Cheese: LAMARK IS LAME!

May also lead to Coevolution = animals are adapted to each other and cannot survive without the other now

Does “Man” influence Natural Selection??? Example – Pollution and the peppered moth

Artificial Selection Humans will decide which traits will be passed onto the next generation

Artificial Selection Example… Selective breeding of dogs from a domesticated wolf by humans for specific characteristics.

Natural Selection vs Artificial Selection https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EhkYc7fHcR0

Evolution of Resistance Resistance is the ability of one or more organisms to tolerate a particular chemical designed to kill it. So in essence, we are creating a population of insects that are resistant by trying to control them with chemicals.

Reports of lice resistance started appearing in the mid 1990s in the United States, Europe and Australia. A 2014 study suggested the potential for resistance is high in several areas in the United States and Canada. Among lice samples from 84 people in these countries, 99.6% of the insects had mutations in genes that could allow them to survive the insecticides permethrin and pyrethrin, which are the active ingredients in over-the-counter remedies. In the past, this group's research has received financial support from pharmaceutical companies that make such prescription medicine

Could their be an easier way to control pests without using chemicals??? Fly traps Take out trash often No water

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5G-6WWUxlYc