# ANDREW JACKSON Common man 7 JACKSONIAN Old Hickory DEMOCRACY Vice Presidents: John C. Calhoun Martin Van Buren Old Hickory JACKSONIAN 1829-1837 DEMOCRACY

ELECTION OF 1828 Turning point in American History Marked the beginning of political involvement for ordinary Americans. Beginning of mudslinging campaigns which are still used today. Mudslinging Reached New Heights His opponents accused him of murder, gambling, slave trading and treason.

JACKSON STARTED CURRENT DEMOCRATIC PARTY. OLD HICKORY JACKSON STARTED CURRENT DEMOCRATIC PARTY.

POLITICAL PRACTICES UNDER JACKSON Spoils Systems – rewarding friends and punishing enemies. Lobbying – trying to influence legislators in their voting to favor some special groups.

SPOILS SYSTEM Notes: Rewarded supporters with government jobs and threw opponents out! “Civil Servants”- ordinary citizens who can fill government jobs Rationale for system: Government remains responsive to the people. Assured loyalty to the president. Increases Party support.

KITCHEN CABINET The “Kitchen Cabinet” formed to advise Jackson unofficially – result of spoils system. Jackson is seated in a collapsing chair, with the "Altar of Reform" toppling next to him, and rats scurrying at his feet. The rats are (left to right): Secretary of War John H. Eaton, Secretary of the Navy John Branch, Secretary of State Martin Van Buren, and Treasury Secretary Samuel D. Ingham. Jackson's spectacles are pushed up over his forehead, and his foot is planted firmly on the tail of the Van Buren rat. "Resignations" fill the air behind him, and a pillar marked "Public confidence in the stability of this administration" falls to the left.

SECOND NATIONAL BANK Notes:Jackson vetoed the bank charter and withdrew federal money to “pet banks” – state banks who supported Jackson Disliked the bank because he felt bank was organization by wealthy Easterners in which ordinary citizens had no control SECOND NATIONAL BANK

In 1828, Congress passed the highest tariff in U. S. history In 1828, Congress passed the highest tariff in U.S. history. It was so bad that the Southerners called it the Tariff of Abominations (something that is hated). The fight against this tariff was led by Vice President John C. Calhoun. He said that states had a right to nullify a federal law that they considered unconstitutional. What does nullify mean? His reasoning was that since the states made up the national government, they had final authority. Because he disagreed with President Jackson, Calhoun resigned and became governor of South Carolina.

Why did Southerners dislike the tariff, even after it was lowered Why did Southerners dislike the tariff, even after it was lowered? South Carolina passed the Nullification Act, which declared the tariff illegal. They also threatened to secede if the government challenged them. What does secede mean? Finally, the president offered a lower tariff, which Calhoun supported, ending the Nullification Crisis. But even though the crisis was over, tensions between North and South increased for years.

FEDERAL LAW vs. STATE'S RIGHTS Congress had passed Tariff of Abominations and Tariff of 1832. Calhoun resigned as Vice President when Jackson supported federal law over state law. South Carolina passed Nullification Act declaring tariffs of 1828 and 1832 unconstitutional and threatened to secede from the Union. Known as the “Nullification Crisis”

INDIAN REMOVAL ACT Georgia seized Cherokee land The Cherokee Nation sued and the case went to the Supreme Court (highest court) Chief Justice Marshall upheld the right of the Cherokees to keep their land Jackson had them kicked off anyway when Congress passed the Indian Removal Act.

TRAIL OF TEARS Removed from home and forced to move west by General Winfield Scott and 7000 federal troops. Cherokees forced to march to present day Oklahoma - ¼ of the tribe died.