Enlightenment Thinkers

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Presentation transcript:

Enlightenment Thinkers

Philosophers: Tried to apply the principles of scientific investigation to human nature/gov’t These were smart, talented guys who wanted to increase their social standing Goal was to limit elite/ aristocratic society HOWEVER, did not want to share political rights with women, children, peasants, laborers, slaves, or colored people

Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) Nature of society– all men are bad men must give up some personal freedom in order to have a peaceful society with a strong ruler

John Locke (1632-1704)

Popular Sovereignty Rulers derived their authority from the consent of those whom they governed man has the right to overthrow a ruler who does not protect those rights Locke changed the idea of sovereignty Does not come from rulers Instead comes from THE PEOPLE OTHER BIG IDEA Natural rights to life, liberty & property

Locke’s Blank Slate Theory Individuals are born without built-in knowledge knowledge comes from experience and perception.

Voltaire (1694-1778)

Individual Freedom Religious tolerance Freedom of speech

Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778)

Political & Legal Equality Noble Savage – men were born good, society messed them up. Wanted to reform EDUCATION (universal) Social Contract Ideal society = all individuals would participate daily in creating the laws General will of the people

Montesquieu (1689-1755)

Separation of Government Separation of governmental powers Checks and balances