Biology Notes Cell Energy Part 2 Pages 100-102

Standards 4.3 ____ Connect the role of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to energy transfers within a cell ____ Differentiate among the various forms of energy and recognize that they can be transformed from one form to others 4.7

Essential Question 1. How is energy acquired and used by organisms?

I. Energy All life on Earth depends on ________. What types of activities do we need energy for? What types of activities does the cell need energy for? energy respond, grow, develop, homeostasis, etc. respond, grow, develop, homeostasis, etc.

What are the different forms of energy? kinetic, potential, chemical (food), mechanical, electrical, heat, light (solar), nuclear, etc.

Autotrophs = organisms that obtain _______ from the sun to make their own ______ e.g. energy food plants, ferns, shrubs, trees

autotrophs have the ability to transform ______ energy into _________ energy (a.k.a. _____) solar chemical food

Heterotrophs = organisms that obtain energy by consuming __________ e.g. heterotrophs are dependent on ___________ or plants to get their _______ because they cannot make their own _____ autotrophs animals, people, decomposers energy autotrophs food

II. ATP & ADP Energy is stored inside of _____. High energy foods contain ______________ which store the greatest amount of _______. Carbohydrates, however, cannot be broken down in the cell to get the _______ very fast. The cell, therefore, must have another storage unit for the ______. food carbohydrates energy energy energy

Why do carbohydrates store the greatest amount of energy? They have the greatest number of bonds. Remember, energy is stored in the chemical bonds between elements!

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) = the principle chemical __________ that stores energy in the _____ can be broken down to release energy very _________ can also move very quickly from cell to _____ throughout the _____ holds less _______ than ______________ compound cell quickly cell body energy carbohydrates

PARTS: Ribose – a ____ carbon _______ 2. Adenine – a ___________ of RNA / DNA 3. Phosphate – has ____ phosphate groups 5 sugar nucleotide 3

DIAGRAM:

energy is stored in _________ the bonds of the 2nd and ____ phosphate groups to release this energy, the bond must be ________ when the bond is broken, there are only ____ attached phosphate groups causing ______ to form _____ between 3rd broken 2 ATP ADP

Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP) = the principle chemical __________ formed when _____ is broken down PARTS: 1. Ribose – a ____ carbon sugar 2. Adenine – a ___________ of RNA / DNA 3. Phosphate – has only __ phosphate groups compound ATP 5 nucleotide 2

DIAGRAM:

DIAGRAM OF ENERGY EXCHANGE: ______ to ______ ATP ADP

Overall Energy Pathway: