Cellular Energy

All living organisms use energy

The Need for Energy Move organelles inside cell Active transport Transmit nerve impulses Contract muscles Active transport Cell division Production of proteins By plants in photosynthesis to make glucose

Adenosine Triphosphate ATP

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) A chemical compound used by living organisms to store and release energy Formed by the breakdown of glucose and starch (carbohydrates) Three main parts Adenine Ribose sugar Three phosphate groups

Adenine Adenosine Ribose

Triphosphate

Energy is stored in the phosphate bonds

Hydrolysis breaks the bond of the last phosphate group and energy is released.

Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP) Cells contain more ADP than ATP Use energy from carbohydrates to add a phosphate to ADP to create more ATP Three parts Adenine Ribose sugar 2 phosphate groups

Sodium- Potassium Pump A carrier protein in animal cells that moves ions across the cell membrane An example of Active Transport Animals need more potassium ions inside the cell and more sodium ions outside the cell for nerve impulses to be transmitted Sodium- Potassium Pump

Sodium-Potassium Pump Three sodium ions from inside the cell bind to sites inside the carrier protein ATP releases energy by giving a phosphate to the carrier protein. The carrier protein changes shape to release the three sodium ions to the outside of the cell Two potassium ions outside of the cell bind to sites inside the carrier protein The phosphate ion is released by the carrier protein and it changes back to its original shape and potassium is released into the cell

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