Chapter 2 Section 2: Spain’s Empire in the Americas How did Spain establish an empire in the Americas? Pictures from: http://www.nndb.com/people/444/000092168/hernando-cortes-1.JPG http://web.wm.edu/niahd/journals/display_image.php?&id=7581&svr=www ,

Spanish Explorers CONQUISTADORS De Leon Cortes Pizarro Cabeza Coronado Question # 9: 1.     What were the Spanish soldier-adventurers called that set out to explore and conquer a world unknown to them? CONQUISTADORS Pictures From: http://www.rediscovermachupicchu.com/img-francisco-pizarro.gif , http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/77/Juan_Ponce_de_Le%C3%B3n.jpg , http://www.fuenterrebollo.com/Conquistadores/Imagenes/7-cabeza-vaca.jpg , http://www.ancestral.com/images/cultures/north_america/anasazi/francisco_vasquez_de_coronado.jpg

Hernando Cortes Nov. 1519 Cortez marches into Tenochtitlan 1519 Sailed from Cuba to Mexico Nov. 1519 Cortez marches into Tenochtitlan Cortez meets with the Aztec ruler Moctezuma and Moctezuma offers Cortes gold to leave Tenochtitlan The gold has the opposite effect and Cortes takes Moctezuma hostage and claims Mexico for Spain Aztecs rebel and force the Spaniards to leave

Hernando Cortes 1 year later Cortes returns and takes over Tenochtitlan again He destroys Tenochtitlan and builds present day Mexico City and makes it the capital

Map of Cortes’ Expeditions Map From:http://www.tqnyc.org/NYC062701/cortez2.jpg

Francisco Pizarro 1531 Landed in present-day Peru He was searching for the Incas because it was believed that they had a lot of gold Pizarro takes the Incan ruler Atahulpa captive The Incas paid Pizarro a HUGE ransom, but Pizarro killed the ruler anyway Pizarro takes over the capital Cuzco in 1533

Question # 11: Why were a few Spanish conquistadors able to defeat the larger armies of the Aztecs and Incas? There are 3 main reasons why the Spanish were able to easily defeat the Aztecs and Incas The Spanish had better weapons made of steel, armor, cannons, etc They rode in on horses and many of the N-As thought they were gods N-As had been at civil war with each other and were divided

Question #12: What regions in the present-day United States did Spaniards explore? The Spanish conquistadors explored the southeastern and southwestern portions of the US The first European settlement in North America was St. Augustine in Florida

Juan Ponce de Leon 1513 sailed from Puerto Rico to present day Florida Saw the beautiful flowers and named the region La Florida He was the first Spaniard to set foot in the US

Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca Vaca led survivors that made it through Fl to present-day Galveston Island, TX They continued their quest for “Gold, Glory, and God” Eventually they were captured and most died Cabeza and 3 others made it back to Mexico City Pictures From: http://www.ecai.org/na-missions/images/image050.jpg ,

Francisco Coronado Main goal: to find the “Golden City” He never found his “Golden City” He explored what is present day NM, AR, TX, and KS

Hernando de Soto He went as far north as NC and then west toward OK De Soto searched for gold in what is now the Southeastern portion of the US He went as far north as NC and then west toward OK Picture From: http://lcweb2.loc.gov/natlib/afc2001001/afc-legacies/FL/200002847/i0001.jpg

Bartolome de Las Casas Las Casas was a missionary priest sent by the Spanish to convert N-As to christianity He was instrumental in getting the govt. in New Spain to end the encomienda system Unfortunately he argued to replace the N-A workers with A-A workers thus leading to harsh slavery in the Americas

Question # 13 A: What was the lasting accomplishments of Bartolome de Las Casas? The lasting accomplishment of de Las Casas was that he convinced Spain to reform the encomienda system.

Question # 13 B: How would you describe the lives of Native Americans in New Spain? How were Natives treated under the encomienda system? Native Americans were treated harshly and cruelly under the encomienda system. They were forced to live in dangerous conditions working in the mines, they were overworked on the plantations and they were forced to change their religion to Christianity

Social Class System in New Spain BASED ON BLOOD LINE Peninsulares: born in Spain moved to Mexico Creoles: Children of the Peninsulares Mestizos: People of Spanish and Indian blood Mulattos: People of Spanish and African decent N-As and A-As