APES First Five-Monday Sept 11 What do you think about the statement… “When we talk about water, we’re often taling about power, or about security, or both.” ‘ Please find your seat once! Once you complete First Five! share your hw statements from the New Oil… . 

Happy Mondy… Week 2 Sustainable Ecosystems Gather in small group and share the significant statements you selected from the article “New OIL”. Share concerns, ideas… suggestions for a more sustainable world! Introduction to Ecocolumn Challenge You will be challenged to build, monitor and maintain artificial closed system habitats. Your challenge is to plan a sustainable system!

Scientific Method- Manipulative Experiments vs Natural Experiments.

We test hypotheses in different ways Manipulative experiments yield the strongest evidence Researchers control independent variables Reveal causal relationships Many things cannot be manipulated Natural experiments show real-world complexity Use existing conditions to test predictions—little control over variables Results are not neat and clean Answers are not black and white

The scientific process continues beyond the scientific method The scientific process guards against faulty research. Checks include: Peer review Publication in scientific journals Competition for funding

Develop a hypothesis and Make predictions Hypothesis = a statement that tries to explain the question The hypothesis generates predictions = specific statements that can be directly tested The test results either support or reject the hypothesis

Test the predictions Variable = a condition that can change Independent variable = a variable that can be manipulated- That is what you are testing…. Dependent variable = a variable that depends on the independent variable- THE DATA

Test the predictions Controlled experiment-Leave out the Independnet variable. Except the independent variable whose effect is being tested Control = for comparison Quantitative data = information that uses numbers Qualitative data = information that does not use numbers

We test hypotheses in different ways Manipulative experiments yield the strongest evidence Researchers control independent variables Reveal causal relationships Many things cannot be manipulated Natural experiments show real-world complexity Use existing conditions to test predictions—little control over variables Results are not neat and clean Answers are not black and white

The scientific process continues beyond the scientific method The scientific process guards against faulty research. Checks include: Peer review Publication in scientific journals Competition for funding So Here is the Challenge and you will be Challenged!

Materials & Methods Materials Methods Models help us predict patterns in nature Bottle Biology- Use water quality test kits to monitor your ecosystems! Materials & Methods Materials Liter bottles, distilled water, sand, soil, rocks, fish, snails, aquatic plants, soil, scissors, packing tape, water quality testing equipment. Methods Design and assemble your eco-column to include terrestrial, aquatic and decompositional chambers. Discuss Energy flow, and nutrient cycles. Monitor each week for changes.