The Endocrine System Chapter 13

Overview of Structures, Combining Forms, and Functions of the Endocrine System

Structures of the Endocrine System

Adrenal Glands Primary Function Related Word Parts (Combining Forms) Regulate electrolyte levels Influence metabolism Respond to stress Related Word Parts (Combining Forms) adren/o (continues)

Adrenal Glands

Gonads* Primary Function Related Word Parts (Combining Forms) regulate development and maintenance of secondary sex characteristics Related Word Parts (Combining Forms) gonad/o *Males: testicles (2) *Females: ovaries (2)

Male Testicles (Testes) Primary Function Sperm-producing gland Related Word Parts (Combining Forms) testic/o

Female Ovaries Primary Function Related Word Parts (Combining Forms) Ova (egg) producing gland Related Word Parts (Combining Forms) ovari/o

Pancreatic Islets Primary Function Control blood sugar levels and glucose metabolism Related Word Parts (Combining Forms) pancreat/o

Parathyroid Glands Primary Function Regulate calcium levels throughout the body Related Word Parts (Combining Forms) parathyroid/o

Parathyroid Glands

Pineal Gland Primary Function Related Word Parts (Combining Forms) Influences the sleep-wakefulness cycle Related Word Parts (Combining Forms) pineal/o

Pineal Gland

Pituitary Gland Primary Function Related Word Parts (Combining Forms) Secretes hormones that control the activity of the other endocrine glands Related Word Parts (Combining Forms) pituit/o, pituitar/o (continues)

Pituitary Gland

Thymus Primary Function Related Word Parts (Combining Forms) Plays a major role in the immune reaction Related Word Parts (Combining Forms) thym/o

Thyroid Gland Primary Function Related Word Parts (Combining Forms) Stimulates metabolism, growth, and the activity of the nervous system Related Word Parts (Combining Forms) thyr/o, thyroid/o

Key Word Parts and Definitions acr/o extremities (hands and feet), top, extreme point adren/o adrenal glands crin/o secrete -dipsia thirst (continues)

Key Word Parts and Definitions glyc/o glucose, sugar gonad/o gonad, sex glands -ism condition, state of pancreat/o pancreas (continues)

Key Word Parts and Definitions parathyroid/o parathyroid glands pineal/o pineal gland pituitar/o pituitary gland poly- many (continues)

Key Word Parts and Definitions somat/o body thym/o thymus gland thyr/o, thyroid/o thyroid gland

Questions

Question In which organ is insulin produced? the pancreas the kidney the liver

Answer a. the pancreas

Question The thyroid cartilage when enlarged is commonly known as an “Adam’s Apple.” True or False?

Answer True. The thyroid gland is located just below the thyroid cartilage.

Question Hyperglycemia is an abnormally low concentration of glucose in the blood. True or False?

Answer False. Hypoglycemia is an abnormally low concentration of glucose in the blood.

Question Which of these is the form in which the liver stores excess blood sugar? glucose glycogen glucagon

Answer b. glycogen