Principles of Ecology Bio C2

Principles of Ecology Organisms and their Environment A. Sharing the world 1. Studying Nature B. What is ecology? 1. Definition of ecology 2. Ecological research C. The Biosphere

Principles of Ecology The Biosphere 1. Structure of the biosphere 2. The non-living environment 3. Living environment II. Levels of Organization

Principles of Ecology Levels of Organization A. Population- group of same species interbreeding & living together in same place & time

Principles of Ecology B. Communities- interacting populations in a certain area at the same time.

Principles of Ecology C. Ecosystems- interacting populations and the communities’ abiotic factors.

Principles of Ecology Ecosystems Types 1. Terrestrial 2. Aquatic a. Fresh b. saltwater 3. Other Sites

Principles of Ecology An egret can be a predator, prey, and a mover of fish eggs and seeds. Organisms in Ecosystems habitat- place where organism lives A. Niche- strategies & adaptations species use to meet its needs. (Jobs they do)

Principles of Ecology Survival Relationships A. Predator-Prey* B. Mutualism* C. Commensalism D. Parasitism The caterpillars have nectar organs which ants drink from, & acacia tolerates feeding caterpillars. The ants appear to provide protection for both plant & caterpillar.

Principles of Ecology Survival Relationships C. Commensalism relationship between two species where one derives benefit & the other is unaffected D. Parasitism- tomato hornworm with pupating braconid wasps.

Ecosystem Ecosystem Characteristics: Definition: TYPES: Non-Examples:

Ecosystem Ecosystem Characteristics: Definition: TYPES: Terrestrial: forest, field meadow, yard, rotting log Aquatic: Freshwater or Marine Other: Human Body, Buildings, or Food Non-Examples: Example:

Ecosystem Ecosystem Characteristics: Definition: TYPES: Terrestrial: forest, field meadow, yard, rotting log Aquatic: Freshwater or Marine Other: Human Body, Buildings, or Food Example: Mold growing in ceiling tiles of a building causing allergies Non-Examples:

Ecosystem Ecosystem Characteristics: Definition: TYPES: Terrestrial: forest, field meadow, yard, rotting log Aquatic: Freshwater or Marine Other: Human Body, Buildings, or Food Habitat Example: Mold growing in ceiling tiles of a building causing allergies Non-Examples:

Ecosystem Ecosystem Characteristics: Definition: TYPES: Terrestrial: forest, field meadow, yard, rotting log Aquatic: Freshwater or Marine Other: Human Body, Buildings, or Food Habitat Niche Example: Mold growing in ceiling tiles of a building causing allergies Non-Examples:

Ecosystem Ecosystem Characteristics: Definition: TYPES: Terrestrial: forest, field meadow, yard, rotting log Aquatic: Freshwater or Marine Other: Human Body, Buildings, or Food Habitat Niche Resource Example: Mold growing in ceiling tiles of a building causing allergies Non-Examples:

Ecosystem Ecosystem Characteristics: Definition: TYPES: Terrestrial: forest, field meadow, yard, rotting log Aquatic: Freshwater or Marine Other: Human Body, Buildings, or Food Habitat Niche Resource Organism Example: Mold growing in ceiling tiles of a building causing allergies Non-Examples:

Ecosystem Ecosystem Characteristics: Definition: TYPES: Terrestrial: forest, field meadow, yard, rotting log Aquatic: Freshwater or Marine Other: Human Body, Buildings, or Food Habitat Niche Resource Organism Population Example: Mold growing in ceiling tiles of a building causing allergies Non-Examples:

Ecosystem Ecosystem Characteristics: Definition: TYPES: Terrestrial: forest, field meadow, yard, rotting log Aquatic: Freshwater or Marine Other: Human Body, Buildings, or Food Habitat Niche Resource Organism Population Community Example: Mold growing in ceiling tiles of a building causing allergies Non-Examples:

Ecosystem Ecosystem Definition: Characteristics: TYPES: Terrestrial: forest, field meadow, yard, rotting log Aquatic: Freshwater or Marine Other: Human Body, Buildings, or Food NOT one but ALL these things interacting together make up an ECOSYSTEM Habitat Niche Resource Organism Population Community Example: Mold growing in ceiling tiles of a building causing allergies Non-Examples:

Ecosystem Ecosystem Definition: Characteristics: Includes living & nonliving things organized within BIOMES into the BIOSPHERE. Ecosystem TYPES: Terrestrial: forest, field meadow, yard, rotting log Aquatic: Freshwater or Marine Other: Human Body, Buildings, or Food NOT one but ALL these things interacting together make up an ECOSYSTEM Habitat Niche Resource Organism Population Community Example: Mold growing in ceiling tiles of a building causing allergies Non-Examples:

Ecosystem Ecosystem Definition: Characteristics: Includes living & nonliving things organized within BIOMES into the BIOSPHERE. Organism Population Community Ecosystem Ecosystem TYPES: Terrestrial: forest, field meadow, yard, rotting log Aquatic: Freshwater or Marine Other: Human Body, Buildings, or Food NOT one but ALL these things interacting together make up an ECOSYSTEM Habitat Niche Resource Organism Population Community Example: Mold growing in ceiling tiles of a building causing allergies Non-Examples:

Ecosystem Ecosystem Definition: Characteristics: Includes living & nonliving things organized within BIOMES into the BIOSPHERE. Organism Population Community Ecosystem Interactions among populations in a community (biotic) within the community’s physical surroundings (abiotic factors) Ecosystem TYPES: Terrestrial: forest, field meadow, yard, rotting log Aquatic: Freshwater or Marine Other: Human Body, Buildings, or Food NOT one but ALL these things interacting together make up an ECOSYSTEM Habitat Niche Resource Organism Population Community Example: Mold growing in ceiling tiles of a building causing allergies Non-Examples:

2.2 Nutrition & Energy Flow How Organisms get Energy A. Producers- Autotrophs B. Consumers- Heterotrophs 1.Herbivores 2. Carnivores 3. Scavengers 4. Omnivores 5. Decomposers

2.2 Nutrition & Energy Flow How Organisms get Energy A. Producers- Autotrophs B. Consumers- Heterotrophs 1.Herbivores- eat plants 2. Carnivores- eat animals 3. Scavengers- eat carrion (dead) 4. Omnivores- eat both plant & animal 5. Decomposers- breakdown compounds into molecules

Pyramid of Energy

Nutrition & Energy Flow Flow of Matter & Energy in Ecosystems A. Food Chains B. Food Webs C. Ecological pyramids

Food Chains Simple model scientists use to show how food & energy move through an ecosystem.

Nutrition & Energy Flow III. Cycles in Nature A. Water Cycle B. C Cycle C. N Cycle D. Phosphorus Cycle

Phosphorus Cycle