Lesson Objectives Aims You should know about: 1.3.1:

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Presentation transcript:

Lesson Objectives Aims You should know about: 1.3.1: (d) Different uses of hashing.

Let’s work backwards Some things to understand: Encoding Encryption Hashing Obfuscation

Obfuscation The idea of making something difficult for a human to understand It is NOT encryption It is an easily reversible process Computers can still understand it easily

Encoding Encoding is the process of turning something into a binary form Or turning data into a form that can be understood by another system ASCII, Unicode, UTF are examples of encoding

Encryption The transforming of data so that it can be kept secret/safe regardless of interception Not designed to be easy to use! Only specific people (key holders) can reverse the transformation

Generally data is encoded with private key – kept secret Encryption Generally data is encoded with private key – kept secret To decrypt the data you need: The cipher text The algorithm The key Examples: AES, Blowfish, RSA, PGP

Hashing A one way mathematical function which should produce a unique output for any given input The same input will always produce the same hash every time

Hash rules The same input will always produce the same output. Multiple disparate inputs should not produce the same output. It should not be possible to go from the output to the input. Any modification of a given input should result in drastic change to the hash.

A file can be hashed to ensure integrity Uses A file can be hashed to ensure integrity If even the smallest change is made, the hash changes Wrong hash = tampered file Data can be hashed to make it incredibly quick to search/find elements

Because of its one way nature Another use Because of its one way nature And the fact you shouldn’t be able to work out the input from the output… Passwords are often hashed when stored in databases User signs up – password is hashed using an algorithm User signs in, password hashed, if they match then access is granted This can lead to issues…

Collisions There is no perfect hashing algorithm It’s just incredibly unlikely that two things will produce the same output. When this occurs, a collision has happened:

A stupendously good website Read this link: http://www.unixwiz.net/techtips/iguide-crypto-hashes.html Make notes on: Why hashes are NOT encryption Collisions Collision resistance Problems with hashing Examples of hashing algorithms (MD4, 5 etc)

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