Chapter 12: The World War I Era

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter 12: The World War I Era II. The United States Declares War

Bell Ringer What makes a country one of the great nations of the world? What domestic conditions and foreign alliances characterize a great nation? What countries are great nations today? Why?

Objectives Discover how Germany's use of Submarines affected the war. Find out the steps the US took toward war in early 1917.

Setting the Scene Don’t Write!!! War still going strong in 1916 Would the US be able to stay out of the war? Friction between US and Germany would lead the US to join WWI

A) German Submarine Warfare U-boat: Unterseeboot: submarine Britains big navy blockaded all shipping to Germany Germany used submarines to blockade all shipping to UK At first Germany warned ships before they sank them – too dangerous – started to just sink them without warning This angered US public opinion

Germany’s surface fleet did attack Britain once – Battle of Jutland – draw British encouraged anti-German feelings British cut the undersea cable from Germany to US – US had to rely on British reports only Germany sunk the Lusitania – a passenger liner – no military value – (maybe there was?) Germany attacked French liner – Sussex Sussex pledge: Germany promised to warn ships before sinking them Wilson started preparing for war

B) Moving Toward War Wilson runs for re-election, “He kept us out of war” was his slogan. Wins Germany informs us they will not follow the Sussex pledge anymore – Unrestricted submarine warfare US starts arming merchant ships Zimmermann note: German secret offer to Mexico; declare war on the US and Germany will help reclaim US Southwest Not taken seriously by US or Mexico Result - US dislikes Germany more

C) Revolution in Russia By 1917 – Russia has 1.5 million killed 2.5 million prisoner Army ill-equipped, badly led, and are being forced back Autocrat: ruler with unlimited power – monarch Russia Revolution: Czar Nicholas II forced to give up his throne – The Russian Republic is created Now Russia a Republic – last stumbling block for the US to join WWI is gone Germany sinks 3 US ships – one is the Illinois – President Wilson asks for a declaration of war He gets it

Review How did Germany’s use of submarines affect the war? What moves did the US take toward war in early 1917?