Congress Article One: Legislative Branch Makes laws

Review Expressed Implied powers

Approval: Impeachment Presidential appointments that must be approved by the Senate Treaties (negotiated by the President) must be approved by the Senate Impeachment Bringing charges against an official in executive or judicial branches by the House. requires a 2/3 vote of Senate to convict in a trial

Representation & Reapportionment Constituents: voters Census = 10 yr count of pop. Reapportionment: re-distribution of House seats based on the census (population changes within the country) Re-district = re-draw boundaries of districts so that all are equal in the state Population Density?

Gerrymandering http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YcUDBgYodIE Districts that are odd shapes or boundaries to favor a particular party Divided by: Race Language Religion Class Can be used for good  increasing the voting power of a particular group http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YcUDBgYodIE 1812 illustration depicting the odd districting of Massachusetts that looked like a salamander or gerrymander created by Governor Elbridge Gerry

Any Gerrymandering in Georgia?? http://pjmedia.com/zombie/2010/11/11/the-top-ten-most-gerrymandered-congressional-districts-in-the-united-states/

Iowa’s voting districts. Why not gerrymandered?

114th US House by district – any gerrymandering in the US??

Staying in Office - Do Incumbents have an advantage in an election? Incumbents: those already in office Usually re-elected again and again Can stay in office as LONG as long as constituents want (as long as re-elected ) - Do Incumbents have an advantage in an election?

Leadership VP = president of the Senate House: 2 YEAR TERM Speaker of the House (also the majority party leader) Majority Leader Kevin McCarthy Minority leader Nancy Pelosi Senate: 6 YEAR TERM VP = president of the Senate President Pro Tempore (leader when the VP is absent) Paul Ryan Joe Biden Orrin Hatch

ARRR Congress haz Power!! The Powers of Congress ARRR Congress haz Power!!

Money Powers Revenue bills: bringing in money (taxes) Appropriations bills: distribute money National debt: not just debt to other countries, could be borrowing money from the private sector http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0efqnvYz4YI

Commerce Powers Commerce: ??? Interstate commerce (Gibbons vs. Ogden 1824) * Civil Rights Act of 1964 Gibbons vs Ogden The state of New York had granted Robert Fulton and Robert Livingston the exclusive rights to operate steamboats on New York waters. This monopoly granted Aaron Ogden a permit for steamboat travel across the Hudson River between New York and New Jersey. Thomas Gibbons, operating a competing line, had a coasting license from the federal government. Ogden sued Gibbons, and the state of New York held that Gibbons could not sail in its waters. Gibbons appealed, claiming that Congress, not the state of New York, had the power to regulate commerce. ** The Court ruled that all forms of business across state lines comes under the commerce clause of the Constitution.

Tri-State Water Wars!!! water use conflict between the states of Georgia, Alabama, and Florida over the Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint River Basin and the Alabama-Coosa-Tallapoosa River Basin. A major factor in the dispute is the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' regulation of water flow from north Georgia's Lake Lanier to Alabama and Florida. Legal action in federal court has resulted in affirming the Corps' authority to negotiate the conflict

Other Legislative Powers Naturalization = make laws for becoming a citizen *** Copyright = written materials Patents = inventions

Check & Balance Powers Review Approve appointments (high officials & judges) Power to impeach (president & judges) Power to override presidential veto Power to establish lower federal courts

Tape chart onto notes page and make arrows and notes around the chart

Military & Foreign Policy Powers Congress has only declared war 5 times The President (as commander in chief) has used military force more than 200 times (War on Terror? Operation Iraqi Freedom? …ISIS?) War Powers Act (1973) Wars = war of 1812, Mexican war, spanish american war, WWI, WWII War Powers Act law forbids the president to commit American forces to combat for more than 60 days w/o congressional notification w/in 48hours (Use reading) Military force = Korea (50-53), Vietnam (64-73), cambodia 75, iran 80, lebanon 82, grenada 83, libya 86, persian gulf 87, panama 89, iraq 1991-2004, somalia 93, haiti 94, balkans 95, yugoslavia 99, afgahnistan 01-11

Let’s read about WHO DECLARES WAR??? Answer the questions from the article on your handout. http://upfront.scholastic.com/issues/10_07_13/book