The Nucleus Objectives:

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Aim: How are protons held together within the nucleus? Essential Questions : Why do certain elements undergo radioactive decay and others don’t? How do.
Advertisements

Introduction to Nuclear Chemistry. © 2009, Prentice-Hall, Inc. The Nucleus Remember that the nucleus is comprised of the two nucleons, protons and neutrons.
1. Nucleons. Protons and neutrons 2. Nuclide
Nuclear Chemistry. Two main forces in nucleus  Strong nuclear force—all nuclear particles attract each other  Electric forces—protons repulse each other.
Nuclear Chemistry 1991 D By: Stephanie Chen and Stephanie Ng.
Nuclear Stability Notes
Nuclear Chemistry , Nuclear Chemistry The study of the properties and reactions of atomic nuclei Atoms with identical atomic numbers.
Chapter 31: Nuclear Physics and Radioactivity
Unstable Nuclei & Radioactive Decay Radioactivity Nucleus of an element spontaneously emits subatomic particles & electromagnetic waves. Nucleus of an.
Inorganic Chemistry May 12, Describe how the strong force attracts nucleons Relate binding energy and mass defect Predict the stability of a nucleus.
Nuclear Transformations Objectives: 1. What determines the type of decay a radioisotope undergoes? 2. How much of a sample of a radioisotope remains after.
What is going on in there?
Section 19.1 Radioactivity 1.Students will be able to describe the factors that lead to nuclear stability. 2.Students will be able to describe types of.
NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY THE ULTIMATE IN SPONTANEITY. Review Atomic number (Z) – number of protons Mass number (A) – sum of the protons and the neutrons Nuclides–
Nuclear Chemistry Chapter 21. Why be concerned about the Nucleus?? Typical nucleus is cm(ping pong ball) Radius of typical atom is cm (e-
Nuclear Chemistry. ATOMIC REVIEW: Atomic number = # of protons # of neutrons = mass # - atomic # protons & neutrons are in the nucleus.
1 Nuclear Stability Notes “Why do protons stay together when positive charges repel each other?” The main reason is because of a force called Strong Force.
Nuclear Reactions Nuclear Reactions.
Unit 3: Part 2 of the Atom Nuclear Chemistry I. The Nucleus (p. 701 – 704 in Class Modern Chemistry Text) I. The Nucleus (p. 701 – 704 in Class Modern.
NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY. Atomic Structure Recall: Atoms – consist of a positively charged nucleus, which has protons and neutrons. IsotopeSymbol# protons# neutronsAtomic.
Nuclear, i.e. pertaining to the nucleus. Nucleus Most nuclei contain p + and n 0 When packed closely together, there are strong attractive forces (nuclear.
Chapter 21 Nuclear Chemistry
Nuclear Stability.
Mass of constituent parts of the nucleus:
9/14 Opener What should I do if I need to go to the bathroom in Miss D’s class? Check to make sure no one is in the bathroom (only one person out at.
Nuclear Chemistry I The Nucleus II III IV C. Johannesson.
Ch. 21 Nuclear Chemistry.
What is so dangerous about nuclear energy?
Nuclear Chemistry Lesson 1.
Nuclear Chemistry Lesson 1.
Nuclear Energy Atoms and Isotopes.
The study of nuclear change.
Nuclear Stability Nuclear Changes
Structure and Properties of the Nucleus
Islands of Stability.
Unit 3: Part 2 of the Atom Nuclear Chemistry
Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved Review Atomic Number (Z) – number of protons Mass Number (A) – sum of protons and neutrons Copyright.
The Atomic Nucleus & Radioactive Decay
UNIT 15: NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY
Nuclear Stability.
II. Nuclear (Radioactive) Decay
Radioactive Decay.
Nuclear Energy Atoms and Isotopes.
Nuclear Chemistry.
Nuclear Chemistry Bravo – 15,000 kilotons.
CHAPTER 22 Nuclear Chemistry
I. The Nucleus What is “nuclear” energy? Where does it come from?
Radioactive Decay.
Nuclear Chemistry.
Nuclear Chemistry I II III IV.
Radioactive Decay.
Harnessing the Power of the Sun
CHAPTER 24 Nuclear Energy
Nuclear Stability and Decay
Harnessing the Power of the Sun
CHAPTER 22 Nuclear Chemistry
Nuclear Chemistry.
Chapter 4, section 4 Chapter 24
Nuclear Chemistry Chapter 21.
22.1 The Nucleus Essential Questions:
Nuclear Chemistry.
Unit 4 Nuclear Chemistry.
Nuclear Chemistry The energy of life.
The Nucleus Objectives:
Nuclear Chemistry Essential Question: What are the different types of radioactive decay? How does each type change the nucleus?
Nuclear Chemistry Essential Question: How do we determine stability of a nucleus to compare different atoms?
Nuclear Transformations
Chapter 21 Section 1 – The Nucleus Nuclear Chemistry.
The nucleus of an atom contains two particles:
Presentation transcript:

The Nucleus Objectives: Relate nuclear stability to the ratio of neutrons to protons Describe the forms of radioactive decay Balance decay equations

The Nucleus Definitions: nucleons-protons and neutrons collectively nuclide- a specific atom (in nuclear chemistry) mass defect – difference between the actual mass of an atom and the sum of the masses of all of an atom’s protons, neutrons, and electrons Nuclear binding energy – energy released when a nucleus is formed from nucleons

Binding Energy per Nucleon Higher binding energy/nucleon  higher nuclear stability

Band of Stability Small atoms tend to have neutron-proton ratios ~ 1:1 The ratio approaches 1.5:1 as the atomic number increases Explained by the relationship between strong nuclear forces and electrostatic repulsion

Nucleons and nuclear stability Strong nuclear forces act over very short distances As the # of protons increases, the electrostatic force between protons increases More neutrons are needed to stabilize the nucleus

Nuclear Reactions Transmutation – transformation of one element into another Nuclear reactions occur when unstable nuclei undergo changes in the # of protons and neutrons in order to increase stability Large amounts of energy are given off