Antigone By Sophocles.

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Presentation transcript:

Antigone By Sophocles

Setting: Time: Several days after Oedipus dies Place: Before the Palace of Creon in Thebes Time: Several days after Oedipus dies Dawn after the Argive Army’s retreat. Key Facts: Creon won the Civil War Polynices & Eteocles – fratricides Creon’s 1st ukase – Eteocles a hero; Polynices a traitor Original punishment - stoning to death Antigone’s position: “God’s law is above man’s law” Ismene’s position: “The frailty of women” Antigone buries Polynices twice Antigone is arrested & condemned to death Creon’s revised punishment – burial alive

~ Dramatis Personae ~ Antigone Ismene Eurydice, Creon’s wife; Queen of Thebes Creon Haimon, Antigone’s fiance, Creon’s son Teiresias, blind prophet of Thebes Sentry, guarding Polynices’s body Messenger Chorus of Theban elders

The 3 Unities: Unity of Time: The last day of Antigone Unity of Place: Creon’s Palace in Thebes Unity of Action: 1 plot ~ Antigone’s end

The Play’s Structure: Prologue: Antigone & Ismene Parados: Chorus Episode 1: Creon & Sentry Choral Ode 1 Episode 2: Creon, Sentry, Antigone, & Ismene Choral Ode 2 Episode 3: Creon & Haimon Choral Ode 3 Episode 4: Creon & Antigone Choral Ode 4 Episode 5: Creon & Tiresias Choral Ode 5 — Paean Exodos: Creon, Messenger, Eurydice

About the Characters: Fiery & strong-willed Antigone: Fiery & strong-willed Defies man’s law (temporal) Reveres God’s law (eternal) Haimon’s fiancee Never marries Never has children Sacrifices for family & faith 1st “feminist” heroine in world lit.

More About the Characters: Creon: Victor in the Civil War Insecure on the throne Ukase Original punishment Arrest of Antigone Revised punishment Teiresias reveals prophecies Husband of Eurydice Father of 2 sons Megareus Haimon (engaged to Antigone) Prophecies come true

More About the Characters: Ismene: Gentle & docile Not a firebrand Afraid of Creon Resigned to women’s role in a patriarchal society Tries to share Antigone’s punishment Rebuked by Antigone Unspecified future Marriage? Children? Ambiguous fate

The Characters Continue: Eurydice: Creon’s wife Mother of 2 sons Long-suffering Bitter suicide Blames Creon Haimon: Creon’s son Prince of Thebes Antigone’s fiance Advises Creon Scorns Creon Suicide beside Antigone

More About the Characters: Teiresias: Blind Prophet of Thebes Accused of graft by Creon Reveals dreadful prophecies Prophecies come true A Sentry: Soldier in Creon’s Army Very reluctant to report Reports 2 burials of Polynices Arrests Antigone Gladly dismissed

More About the Characters: Messenger: Servant of Theseus Credible eye-witness Reports accurately With some limitations Very detailed account Chorus: 12-20 Theban elders Advisers to Creon Performs the Choral Functions Choragos - soloist/leader Catharsis in the Epilogue

Who Is the Tragic Hero? Antigone? Or . . . Creon? More heroic More noble character More heroic Center of the action Dominant presence Prologue, Episodes 2 & 4 Episodes 1 -5 & Exodos Epilogue/ catharsis A flaw in the play? 2 tragic heroes?