Political Landscapes: Barriers and Walls in the 20th and 21st Century AP Human Geography

Directions Use the graphic organizer provided to document information about important barriers/walls built by countries to establish their borders. This graphic organizer will help you answer one of the FRQ’s found on the Unit Exam.

The Mexico/US Border

The Border The Mexico–United States border is an international border running from Imperial Beach, California, and Tijuana, Baja California, in the west to Matamoros, Tamaulipas, and Brownsville, Texas, in the east. 1,969 miles long

Purpose to slow/control the flow of illegal immigrants/goods from Mexico

Video Mexico Boarder Wall

The Berlin Wall

Another Cold War crisis Background East – West rivalry Berlin divided – contrast the two halves. WEST: Prosperous, helped by US, attracted people from the East. Seen by USSR as ‘infection’ in the heart of Communist East Germany. EAST: Much less prosperous and under Communist control

What they wanted The West Prevent USSR from gaining control of East Germany To see a united, democratic Germany The East Maintain control over E Germany Make the West recognise it as an independent state Stop the flood of refugees especially the skilled and professional ones – much needed in E Germany

Purpose of Wall to prevent East Germans from fleeing to the West

Video Berlin Wall

Israel Palestinian Wall . *Israel began building the barrier in 2002 after dozens of its citizens were killed in suicide bombings carried out during a Palestinian uprising. *The barrier is planned to extend for some 790 km (491 miles). About 405 km (252 miles) have been completed, while work has continued on other sections Israel has rerouted the barrier several times in response to its own high court rulings on appeals from human rights groups that Palestinians are cut off from vital farmland or services. . * To Israelis Security Wall To Palestinians Apartheid Wall

*Israel says the barrier has played a key role in drastically reducing the number of attacks by Palestinians inside the country in the last five years. According to the Israeli Foreign Ministry, Palestinians carried out 73 attacks in which 293 Israelis were killed between 2000 and mid-2003, when the first parts of the barrier were completed. *Israel has continued building the barrier in defiance of a ruling by the International Court of Justice, also known as the World Court, based in the Hague, issued on July 9, 2004

Human rights groups say the barrier has effectively isolated some 60,500 Palestinians from the rest of the West Bank Thousands more live in villages surrounded on at least three sides by the barricades, which restricts their ability to move around.

North Korea/South Korea Demilitarized Zone

PER CAPITA GDP $1,800 Many still suffering from lack of food SOUTH PER NORTH PER CAPITA GDP $1,800 Many still suffering from lack of food SOUTH PER CAPITA GDP $32,020 ECOMONY GROWING RAPIDLY

Leadership in N. and S. Korea Kim Jong-un is the supreme leader of North Korea. He is the son of Kim Jong-il. Park Geun-hye is the eleventh and current President of South Korea. She is the first woman to be elected as President in South Korea

The two countries are separated by the DMZ (demilitarized zone) at the 38th parallel. 38th Parallel - line of latitude (38 degrees North) DMZ – Demilitarized Zone- a each side is heavily guarded to prevent invasion by the other; it has also been made into a wildlife sanctuary in hopes that might deter either side from becoming aggressive

Purpose of the DMZ to act as a buffer zone in order to reduce the likelihood of violence between North and South Korea

North Korea Population: 24.5 million 57% urban South Korea Population: 50 million 80% urban SATELLITE IMAGES AT NIGHT

Video: Escape from North Korea http://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/06/opinion/escape-from-north-korea.html?_r=0

Israel Palestinian Wall

Social/Political Consequences Increased tension between neighboring countries or Increased isolation (reduction in the diffusion of culture) Stigmatizing of excluded) Promotes nationalism, reduces foreign influences, increases xenophobia Separation of families, friends, relatives, cultural groups Increased virtual communication between people of neighboring countries Reduced migration

Economic Consequences Cost of construction, maintenance, staffing Creates jobs: construction, maintenance, staffing Reduction in flow of illegal goods Reduction in flow of illegal labor and potential savings in social costs Loss of job opportunities for those excluded, Reduced seasonal migration

Environmental Consequences Effect negatively on Cultural landscape Land around wall is barren and useless Aesthetically unpleasing Animals are effected, by mines, or cant pass through natural feeding grounds